Reproductive behaviour of adapathiyan
| dc.contributor.advisor | Alice Kurian | |
| dc.contributor.author | Manju, S | |
| dc.contributor.author | KAU | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2019-05-14T05:51:56Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2019-05-14T05:51:56Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 1997 | |
| dc.description | PG | en_US |
| dc.description.abstract | The present investigations were carried out in the Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Horticulture, during the year 1995-1996. The study was undertaken with the objective of understanding the reproductive behaviour and pollination mechanism in adapathiyan and to unravel the reasons for low fruit set. It was also envisaged to evaluate the morphotypes for morphological and qualitative differences, to attempt hybridisation between morphotypes and to assess the seedling variability to isolate the ideal types. Flowering pattern of morphotypes were almost similar. A protracted flowering period of 4-5 months starting from June-November was observed in all the types except green cordate in which peak season was noted in September- October while in others it was August-September, Flower bud development in adapathiyan could be divided into 12 arbitrary stages which needed 25 to 28 days from visual flower bud emergence to flower opening. Adapathiyan is a profuse flowering plant bearing cymose inflorescence in the leaf axils with 2-20 flowers per inflorescence and 10-64 inflorescence per plant. Flowers are bisexual, regular, complete and actinomorphic, typical of milkweed family. The peak anthesis time was between 09.00 and 09.30 hours. Anther dehiscence was observed in flowers on fourth day of opening at a time interval of 11.00 to 13.00 hours. Stigma remained receptive at the anthesis time on the first day of flower opening. Pollen grains were more or less oval in shape with 50-75ยต diameter. Pollen production per pollinia could not be estimated as a proper suspenion of pollen grains in water containing extran could not be obtained. Pollen fertility assessed by Alexander's stain test indicated a high range of 90-100 per cent. In vitro pollen germination m Brewbaker and Kwack's medium gave only approximate idea about pollen fertility. Adapathiyan plants are cross pollinated by insects. Xylocopu spp (carpenter bees) were identified to be the pollinating agents. Among the different modes of pollination tried, open pollination gave the highest fruit set (12.6%) followed by natural cross pollination (11.7%) and artificial crossing with germinated pollinia (6.4%). The low fruit set may be due to the injury caused to the flower during pollination or self incompability operating at pre and post fertilisation stages. Natural and artificial self pollination did not result in any fruit set denoting the existence of self incompatibility mechanism but all the morphotypes were cross compatible. Fruits required a period of 102-158 days to complete maturity. Purple elongate types took 150.4 days to complete maturity while green elongate type took 123.4 days. Each fruit contained numerous seeds in the range of 170-447. Hundred seed weight varied from 0.60-0.79 g. Seed germination percentage was recorded in the range of 18.00-46.25. Morphotypes when compared with respect to biometric characters which showed high positive correlation with yield purple elongate types recorded maximum values for internodal length (7.64 cm) and number of branches (2.8). Highest value for collar girth was observed in purple cordate (2.4 cm). These observations suggest purple elongate and purple cordate to be high yielding. But maximum root yield was observed in purple cordate (65.6 g per plant) and green cordate (60.6 g per plant) while purple elongate recorded 49.3 g per plant root yield. Biochemical studies on the morphotypes figured maximum value for soluble sugars (8.52 %) in purple elongate and minimum in green elngate type (4.76%). Since the medicinal properties of adapathiyan are attributed to the soluble sugars, purple elongate types can be considered as medicinally important. Amino acid content in roots recorded highest value of 0.882 per cent in green elongate type whereas root protein was maximum in purple cordate (0.76%) and leaf protein in green cordate (2.27%). Variability studies in seedlings of hybrid and open pollinated progenies showed that purple pigmentation and cordate leaf shape dominated in the progenies. Mendelian ratio was not followed with respect to these characters in the progenies. Evaluation of seedling progenies with respect to biometric characters showed that the hybrid and open pollinated progenies did not form separate groups statistically. Thus it is made clear that self pollination being prohibited inherently, open polliniated progenies are as good as artificial hybrid progenies and purple elongate and purple cordate are good seed parents. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.citation | 171250 | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810102977 | |
| dc.keywords | Plantation crops and species, medicinal plant, adapathiyan | en_US |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.publisher | Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara | en_US |
| dc.sub | Horticulture | en_US |
| dc.subject | null | en_US |
| dc.theme | Studies of adapathiyan the medicinal plant | en_US |
| dc.these.type | M.Sc | en_US |
| dc.title | Reproductive behaviour of adapathiyan | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |