Effect of Salinity Levels on Productivity and Juice Quality of Sugarcane genotypes
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Date
2017
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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur)
Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken with an aim to study the Effect of Salinity Levels on Productivity and Juice Quality of Sugarcane Genotypes during 2016-17, at Sugarcane Research Institute, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar. The pot experiment was conducted with treatment consisted of three salinity levels (0, 2.5 and 5.0 dSm-1) and five sugarcane genotypes (CoP 9702, CoP 112, B.O. 154, B.O 153 and CoP 9301) with three replication in CRD. The salinity of 2.5 dSm-1 (S1) and 5.0 dSm-1 (S2) was developed and sugarcane was planted as per technical programme of the experiment. Salinity was developed using suitable amount of NaCl. NPK was applied as per recommendations (150-85-60). The half dose of N, full P2O5 and K2O applied at the time of planting. Rest 50 % N was applied in two splits. The sugarcane was planted in Feb, 2016 and harvested in January; 2017. Maximum (30.28%) reduction in germination was recorded at S2 levels of salinity compared to control (S0). The genotype BO 154 recorded significantly highest germination percentage (53.84%) followed by CoP112 (50.53%) compared to CoP 9301 and CoP 9702. The maximum plant height was attained by the BO154 followed by CoP112. The growth performance of genotype CoP9301 and BO153 was significantly inferior at different stages of plant growth. The number of tillers was statistically significant and decreased significantly with increasing salinity. Sugarcane genotype BO154 recorded significantly maximum and CoP 9301 minimum number of tillers at 120 DAP. The yield components of sugarcane indicated that there was overall reduction in cane length (31.07%), cane girth (8.75%) and single cane weight (25.72%) at S2 level of salinity over S0 (Control). Among sugarcane genotypes, BO154 followed by CoP112 was found superior as compared to rest of the genotypes in terms of yield attributing characteristics. The reduction in cane yield due to salinity in S1 and S2 treatments over control was to the extent of 14.69 % and 28.07%, respectively. The mean cane yield increased by 14.00 % and 10.12 % in genotypes BO154 and CoP112, respectively over CoP9301. The mean reduction in yield among the genotypes were in order BO154 > CoP112 > CoP9702 > BO153> CoP9301. The value of brix and pol in sugar cane juice significantly decreased with increasing level of salinity, however purity coefficient was non-significant. The sugarcane genotype CoP 9301 was superior in terms of brix, pol and CCS%. The reduction in juice recovery maximum by 42.96% was recorded at S2 level of salinity. Among sugarcane genotypes, CoP112 recorded significantly maximum juice recovery (43.56%) and found at par with BO 154.The reduction in mean sugar yield varied significantly and ranges from 16.75 - 33.25 % due to salinity. Among sugarcane, genotypes BO 154 recorded significantly highest sugar yield followed by CoP112 and lowest in BO 153. The mean sugar yield increased by 9.66 % in BO 154 and 5.44 % in CoP112 over BO153. Sugar yield, a function of cane yield and exhibited similar trend of cane yield. The increasing salinity significantly decreased nutrient concentration (NPK) and uptake of nutrient (NPK) by sugarcane genotypes while, Na+ concentration, its uptake and Na/K ratio increased due to salinity over control. The higher cane yield resulted in higher uptake of nutrients. The pH and EC of soil increased while organic carbon of soil decreased significantly with increasing level of salinity. The organic carbon content of soil reduced due to salinity to the extent of 20.51 % over control. The availability of macro (NPK) and micronutrient (Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn) decreased with increasing level of salinity. The salt stress increased Na+ and decreased Ca2++Mg2+ content of soil significantly with increase in SAR and anions content of post harvest soil. The sugarcane genotypes BO154 produced highest cane and sugar yield at all salinity level. Among sugarcane genotypes BO154, followed by CoP112 and CoP9702 performed well in terms of sugar yield and cane yield under saline condition as compare to other genotypes (BO153 and CoP9301) indicating that BO154, CoP112 and CoP9702 genotypes may be grown as moderately salt tolerant genotype under different agro-climatic conditions of North Bihar.