Temporal biochemical changes under tillage and rice residue management in rice-wheat system
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Date
2020
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-
Abstract
To maintain agricultural productivity and environmental integrity, it is crucial that soil
quality to be improved or maintained. Crop residues are the non-utilized sources of renewable
biomass generated in large quantities in agriculture and excess residues are disposed by means of
burning. Fourteen treatment combinations of fertilizer dose, tillage and residue management
included two main plots treatments of nitrogen (N) application in wheat (1) N75, 75%
recommended dose of nitrogen and (2) N100, 100% recommended dose of nitrogen and seven subplot
treatments (1) CT-R, 100% rice residue removed- Conventional Tillage (2) RS-R, 100% rice
residue removed and sowing with Rotoseeder (3) HS+R50, loose rice residue removed and sowing
with happy seeder (4) HS+R100, 100% rice residue retained and sowing with Happy seeder (5)
RS+R50, loose removal of rice residue and sowing with Rotoseeder (6) RS+R100, 100% rice
residue retained and sowing with Rotoseeder (7) CT+R100, 100% incorporation of rice residue and
sowing with drill in wheat. The present study evaluated the effects of N application, tillage and
rice residue management practices in wheat on changes in soil enzyme (dehydrongenase,
fluorescein diacetate, alkaline phosphatase, β-glucosidase, xylanase, cellulase, polyphenol
oxidase, peroxidase) activities, microbial biomass carbon, soil respiration, microbial count
(bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, Agrobacterium, Rhizobium and Azotobactor), quotients (microbial
quotient, metabolic quotient and metabolic potential), chemical properties (soil organic carbon and
water soluble organic carbon) at different growth stages of wheat during 5th cycle of continuous
rice-wheat system. The results showed that integrated use of fertilizer N and residue management
practices increased wheat yield, water soluble carbon and soil enzyme activities except polyphenol
oxidase and peroxidase as compared to conventional practices (CT – R and RS – R). The majority
of enzyme activities were higher at vigorous vegetative growth stage as compared to reproductive
growth stage. Soil enzyme activities were significantly and positively correlated with each other,
microbial biomass carbon and water soluble carbon except polyphenol oxidase activity,
peroxidase activity and metabolic quotient. Principle component analysis (PCA) identified
dehydrogenase, soil organic carbon, metabolic potential as the most sensitive indicators for
assessing soil quality for conservation agriculture based rice-wheat system in surface soil layer.
The present study provided reliable biochemical indicators to monitor the changes in soil
biological quality response to conservation agriculture practices in rice-wheat system.
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Citation
Pankaj (2020). Temporal biochemical changes under tillage and rice residue management in rice-wheat system (Unpublished M.Sc. thesis). Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.