ENDOMETRIAL ECHOTEXTURE, CYTOLOGY AND BIOPSY IN POSTPARTUM SUBCLINICAL ENDOMETRITIS OF CROSSBRED DAIRY COWS
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Date
2019
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College of Veterinary and animal Science,Mannuthy
Abstract
The study was undertaken at University Livestock Farm and Fodder
Research and Development Scheme, Mannuthy with the objective of comparing
the efficacy of endometrial cytology, biopsy and ultrasonography in crossbred
postpartum dairy cows for the diagnosis of subclinical endometritis (SCE).
Twenty-four apparently normal cows without any periparturient complications
were randomly selected so that at least 12 animals with SCE could be obtained.
Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) was performed on days 20, 30 and 40 to
record the ovarian status and echobiometry of uterus and cervix. Endometrial
cytology (EC) and uterine biopsy (UB) samples were collected on days 30 and 40.
The mean (±SE) percentage of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells by EC were 1.81
± 0.88 and 1.00 ± 0.64 in normal group and 18.00 ± 0.81 and 9.92 ± 0.59 in SCE
group, respectively, on 30 and 40 days postpartum (DPP). The mean (±SE)
percentage of total histopathological score were 11.09 ± 0.59 and 9.64 ± 0.51 in
normal group and 17.69 ± 0.55 and 14 ± 0.47 in SCE group, respectively, on 30
and 40 DPP. Significant difference was noticed between EC and UB in normal
and SCE groups both on 30 and 40 DPP. The SCE positive animals also had a fast
clearance rate which was evidenced by the reduction in the inflammatory status
between the days of 30 and 40 DPP in both EC and UB. Among the TRUS
parameters cervical diameter was the least valuable one, though this could be due
to smaller girth for cervix in crossbred cows used for study. It could be inferred
that ultrasound findings alone has poor efficacy in diagnosing SCE but it could be
used as a supporting tool along with cytological or histopathological studies.
Both cytology and biopsy could be used as valuable diagnostic techniques in
detecting SCE. Biopsy allowed more detailed information about the deeper layers
of uterus and if samples are collected with care the future fertility is not affected.
All the animals were inseminated during next observed heat. Animals found to be
positive for SCE was treated with intrauterine infusion of 500 mg Cephapirin
Benzathine 12 hours after insemination was done. There was no significant
difference in the conception rates in SCE and normal groups in the present study.