Study of perception and practices of water footprint in crop production in Punjab

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dc.contributor.advisorRampal, Vipan Kumar
dc.contributor.authorNavdeep Kaur
dc.date.accessioned2022-02-04T05:34:46Z
dc.date.available2022-02-04T05:34:46Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.description.abstractThe study entitled ―A study of perception and practices of water footprint in crop production in Punjab‖ was undertaken with the objectives to estimate the water footprint of different crops based on total water input and crop evapotranspiration, to identify the spatial variation in different crops and to estimate the virtual water export due to different crops from the Punjab state. Study also focused on the adoption of water conservation practices and the constraints faced by the farmers in existing water use. Five major crops of Punjab, i.e., rice, wheat, cotton, maize, and sugarcane were selected. Five districts were selected from the three agro climatic zones of Punjab based on the highest acreage under selected crops. By using the multi-stage sampling method, a total of 20 villages were selected. From each village, 25 respondents were selected at random. Thus, a total of 500 farmers were selected. The crop wise calculation of water footprints in different districts based on irrigation water inputs were estimated as 2033 l/kg for paddy, 2567 l/kg for basmati, 1761 l/kg for cotton, 829 l/kg for maize, 669 l/kg for wheat and 121 l/kg for sugarcane. Water footprints were also calculated based on crop evapotranspiration using CROPWAT 8.0 model, which estimated water footprints of 926 l/kg, 1313 l/kg, 2280 l/kg, 744 l/kg, 547 l/kg, and 150 l/kg for paddy, basmati, cotton, maize, wheat, and sugarcane, respectively. The results of the study also showed that all of the respondents from Sangrur district and majority of the respondents from Hoshiarpur, Ropar, Fazilka and Bathinda had perceived that groundwater level is declining. Further, most of the respondents also reported that their regions are experiencing less rainfall than before. The results revealed that most of the respondents had adopted laser leveller as a water saving technology. Further, respondents had also adopted the short duration varieties, direct seeded rice, zero tillage in wheat and cover crops to conserve the water. This study concluded that the non-availability of canal water and decline of water table were serious constraint perceived by the respondents in water use for different crops. The respondents also faced the constraint of deepening the bore well every or alternate year to meet the irrigation requirements. The quality of groundwater was also deteriorating in the south-western zone of Punjab.en_US
dc.identifier.citationNavdeep Kaur (2021). Study of perception and practices of water footprint in crop production in Punjab (Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation). Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810181698
dc.keywordsWater footprint, spatial variation, adoption, perception, water conservation practicesen_US
dc.language.isoEnglishen_US
dc.pages109en_US
dc.publisherPunjab Agricultural University, Ludhianaen_US
dc.research.problemStudy of perception and practices of water footprint in crop production in Punjaben_US
dc.subExtension Educationen_US
dc.themeStudy of perception and practices of water footprint in crop production in Punjaben_US
dc.these.typePh.Den_US
dc.titleStudy of perception and practices of water footprint in crop production in Punjaben_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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