Heterosis and combining ability analysis in single crosses of maize (Zea maysL.)
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Date
2014
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Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur)
Abstract
The present investigation was conducted at TCA, Dholi Farm of R.A.U, Pusa, Samastipur. Twenty eight crosses were generated by crossing eight inbred lines in all possible combinations excluding reciprocal crosses during Kharif, 2013. The experimental materials consisted of 08 parents and their 28 F1’s and two commercial check hybrids, namely, RHM Deepjwala and RHM-1 were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications during rabi, 2013-14. Observations were recorded on ten quantitative characters, namely days to 50 % tasseling, days to 50 % silking, plant height, ear height, ear length, ear girth, number of kernels per row, number of kernel rows per ear, 100 kernel weight and grain yield per hectare.
The analysis of variance showed significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits under study. Mean performance of crosses, revealed that out of eleven significantly superior crosses, the crosses POP-64 x CML-331, NP-4-5-4 x CML-331 and HKI-1354-2 x CML-331 were top rankers for yield and found superior to the best check,RHM-Deepjwala..
Analysis of variance for diallel crosses indicated existence of sufficient genetic variability among the parents and their crosses for all the characters, except due to parents for ear height, and kernel rows per ear but in parent vs crosses significant genetic variability found in plant height, ear length, ear girth and grain yield .The analysis of variance for combining ability showed that mean sum of squares due to GCA and SCA were significant for all the characters. The estimates of variance component of combining ability showed that variance due to SCA was more than variance due to GCA for all the characters under study, indicated more importance of SCA variance than GCA variance for the expression of the traits. Parents POP-62 and CML-331 were identified as good general combiner for grain yield. The crosses viz., POP-64 x CML-331, HKI-1352 x HKI-1354-2 and NP-4-5-4 x CML-331 had the best specific combining ability among all crosses for grain yield. These crosses also had higher to average SCA effects for most of the characters. Significant and positive standard heterosis were recorded by four crosses viz. POP-64 x CML-331, HKI-1352 x HKI-1354-2, NP-4-5-4 x CML-331 and HKI-1354-2 x CML-331 for grain yield.
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