BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF FALL ARMYWORM, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. SMITH) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IN MAIZE
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Date
2023-12-27
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Abstract
The investigations on biology and management of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E.
Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were carried out at Main Agricultural Research Station
(MARS), UAS Raichur, Karnataka during 2019-2020. Results on the biology of fall
armyworm, S. frugiperda revealed that it has taken 2.18 and 16.50 days for egg and larva,
7.50 and 9.04 (male and female) days for pupa, and 7.43 and 9.52 (male and female) days
for adult on maize. It has taken 2.32 and 18.85 days for egg and larva, 6.71 and 8.31
(male and female) days for pupa, and 6.38 and 8.14 (male and female) days for adult on
sorghum. It has completed its life cycle in 35.40 and 39.16 days on maize and 37.21 and
40.23 days on sorghum for male and female, respectively. Morphometric observations
and weight of different stages recorded on sorghum were less when compared to maize.
Longer developmental times, less fecundity, lower morphometrics (head capsule length
and width, body length and width), lower pupal weights and higher mortality when reared
on sorghum suggested that sorghum does not offer sufficient nutritional quality required
for maximum growth and development of fall armyworm larvae. In the management
study, the data for two seasons (Kharif and Rabi) showed that at three and five days after
two sprays, fall armyworm larval density and per cent leaf damage was significantly
lower among treatments viz., spinetoram 11.7 SC, chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC and
emamectin benzoate 5 SG compared with the control. Besides, under both the seasons,
the above compounds delivered good protection against the fall armyworm infestation
and that resulted in significant yield. Further, the cost economics also showed that they
were economically viable insecticides. Biopesticides such as Metarhizium rileyi, SfNPV
and Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki were found to be the best treatments in reducing
the larval population and per cent leaf damage compared to untreated control at five and
seven days after two sprays during both the seasons. The yield and cost economics also
showed they were economically viable biopesticides.