EVALUATION OF COAGULATION STATUS IN MITRAL VALVE DISEASE OF DOGS
Loading...
Date
2023-02-28
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES MANNUTHY, THRISSUR, KERALA VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY
Abstract
Mitral valve disease (MVD) is the most common acquired cardiac disease in dogs. In the present study, 100 dogs presented to TVCC Mannuthy with clinical signs suggestive of cardiac diseases were screened and cardiac ailments were diagnosed in 47 dogs. The different cardiac disorders diagnosed included MVD (59.57 per cent), dilated cardiomyopathy (23.4 per cent), congenital mitral valve dysplasia (4.25 per cent), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (4.25 per cent), tricuspid valve disease, congenital tricuspid valve dysplasia, congenital pulmonary stenosis and idiopathic pericardial effusion (2.13 per cent each). In cases of MVD, a higher prevalence was noticed in small breed dogs. An over presentation of males compared to females was recorded. Dogs in the MVD group were predominantly middle to old aged and had mean body weight of 16.84 ± 2.06 kg.Ten dogs selected for coagulation and therapeutic study belonged to stage C MVD as per American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine consensus statement. The animals underwent detailed clinical examination which included physical examination, haematology, blood pressure measurement, radiography, electrocardiography, echocardiography and estimation of coagulation parameters on the day of presentation. Treatment was initiated with enalapril and torasemide and clinical reassessment was done after 30 day treatment period. The major clinical signs and physical examination findings were exercise intolerance, cough, dyspnoea, lethargy, syncope, oedema of body parts, murmurs on auscultation and recumbency. Radiographic and electrocardiographic changes associated with MVD were detected. A significant increase in left atrium to aortic root ratio and transmitral A wave velocity was noticed pre-treatment. The treatment was well
tolerated by all the animals. Noticeable improvement with respect to clinical signs, echocardiographic parameters and radiographic findings were recorded post treatment. A significant decrease in D-Dimer value was noticed post treatment. No other variation in the coagulation parameters were noticed in these animals. The Pearson’s correlation between coagulation and echocardiographic parameters revealed that D-Dimer had a significant positive correlation with ejection fraction (EF) and transmitral A wave velocity. A significant negative correlation was observed between activated partial thromboplastin time and E point to septal separation. Platelet count was positively correlated with left ventricular internal diameter during systole and negatively with EF and fractional shortening.