INDUCTION OF WHELPING IN CANINE HIGH RISK PREGNANCIES WITH SMALL LITTER SIZE USING PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST AND PROSTAGLANDINS

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dc.contributor.advisorC. Jayakumar
dc.contributor.authorRAHEEMA S.
dc.date.accessioned2020-09-07T06:36:04Z
dc.date.available2020-09-07T06:36:04Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.description.abstractSmall litter size is considered high risk pregnancy in dogs from a probable dystocia due to prolonged gestation, uterine inertia and foetal over size. Consequently, induction of whelping becomes inevitable for a successful outcome. The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy and safety of progesterone antagonist, mifepristone; prostaglandin analogue, cloprostenol and natural prostaglandin, dinoprost tromethamine in combination with anterior vaginal administration of PGE1, misoprostol to induce whelping in canine high risk pregnancy with three or fewer foetuses. The induction response and course of whelping was investigated in 18 dogs radiographically confirmed with three or fewer foetuses under three treatment groups and also in six spontaneous whelping dogs which formed the control group. Treatment was initiated when no impending signs of whelping was evident, but attained a gestational age of 61±l days on sonographic measurement of foetal head diameter. Dogs in Group I was treated with mifepristone @ 5mg/kg body weight twice daily, orally for two consecutive days; Group II dogs were treated with a single subcutaneous administration of cloprostenol @ 2.5 μg/kg body weight and Group III dogs were treated with subcutaneous administration of dinoprost tromethamine @ 0.1mg/kg body weight. Twenty four hours following the institution of treatment, misoprostol @ 400μg was administrated in anterior vagina of all the dogs in the three treatment groups. Induction response was 100 per cent as whelping was successfully induced in all the 18 dogs belonging to three treatment groups. Consequently, the gestation length of the bitches in the induced group (61.67±0.42 days in Group I, 61.17±0.54 days in Group II and 61.83± 0.60 days in Group III) was significantly shorter than that of the spontaneously whelping bitches (64.33±1.50 days). The mean interval from first treatment to whelping was slightly lesser in dogs administered with mifepristone (35.58±3.54 h) when compared to cloprostenol and dinoprost tromethamine treated groups (36.00±2.79 h and 36.58±1.22 h respectively). The mean duration of whelping was shorter in dogs of Group II (78.00±12.90 min) followed by Group III (102.00±21.06 min) and Group I (152.50±49.66 min). However the expulsion phase length in the induced group did not differ significantly from that of control group. A decreases in serum progesterone concentration was noticed after treatment in all the dogs of treatment groups indicating the efficiency of the drugs in initiating the parturition. However, in mifepristone treated dogs the circulating progesterone at whelping was still higher (2.71±0.41 ng/ml) when compared to group II and group III (0.60±0.14 ng/ml and 0.90±0.18 ng/ml respectively). An increasing trend of serum cortisol levels were noticed in all the dogs after the treatment. Majority of the spontaneously whelping dogs required medical and surgical assistance to complete the whelping as against unassisted vaginal delivery in majority of the dogs in which whelping was induced. Moreover, no side effects were noticed for any of the treatment provided. The number of puppies born alive in the three induced groups were 12 out of 13 (92.3%), 7 out of 10 (70%) and 9 out of 11 (81.8%) respectively, while in the spontaneously whelping dogs, only 7 out of 13 (53.8%) were born alive. However the neonatal survival rate upto two weeks of birth did not differ significantly between the four groups. The study revealed the merits of medical induction of whelping in canine high risk pregnancy with small litter size as evident from a cent per cent induction response within a relatively short and predictable period and also from the high puppy survival at birth. A high number of puppies born alive at birth and a decreased medical and surgical assistance for completing the whelping process makes induction of parturition using mifepristone with anterior vaginal administration of misoprostol a better choice than cloprostenol and dinoprost tromethamine.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810150929
dc.keywordsINDUCTION WHELPING CANINE HIGH RISK PREGNANCIES SMALL LITTER SIZE USING PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST PROSTAGLANDINSen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.pages104en_US
dc.publisherCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSURen_US
dc.research.problemINDUCTION OF WHELPING IN CANINE HIGH RISK PREGNANCIES WITH SMALL LITTER SIZE USING PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST AND PROSTAGLANDINSen_US
dc.subAnimal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetricsen_US
dc.themeINDUCTION OF WHELPING IN CANINE HIGH RISK PREGNANCIES WITH SMALL LITTER SIZE USING PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST AND PROSTAGLANDINSen_US
dc.these.typeM.V.Sc.en_US
dc.titleINDUCTION OF WHELPING IN CANINE HIGH RISK PREGNANCIES WITH SMALL LITTER SIZE USING PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST AND PROSTAGLANDINSen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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