Influence of moisture regimes on system profitability, water productivity and soil health under rice based cropping systems
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Date
2016
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Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur)
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at Research Farm of Rajendra Agricultural University Pusa during 2012-2013 to 2013-2014. The soil of experimental site was Entisol, sandy loam with pH 8.6, low in organic carbon (0.44 %), available N (150.52 kg/ha), available P2O5 (18.33 kg/ha) and medium in available K2O (158.20 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in split plot design with 15 treatment combinations in three replications. The treatments were 5 cropping sequences in main plots i.e. rice-potato-groundnut, rice-potato-cowpea (green pods), rice-potato-greengram, rice-maize+potato-sesbania (green manure), rice-maize+garden pea (green pods) and 3 moisture regimes in sub-pots i.e. 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 IW/CPE ratios for rabi and zaid crops. The depth of each irrigation was 6 cm.
Rice was grown under system of intensification (SRI) in all the cropping sequences. The rice crop was irrigated at 3 days after disappearance of ponded water (DAD) with 3 cm depth. The total effective rainfall received during 2012-13 and 2013-14 was 61.3 cm and 52.4 cm, respectively.
The maximum rice equivalent yield (REY) of 281.12 q/ha was recorded under rice-maize+potato-sesbania (green manure) cropping sequence however, was statistically at par with rice-potato-groundnut cropping sequence and both were significantly superior over rest of the cropping sequences. Significantly higher REY was registered at 1.2 IW/CPE ratio (256.96 q/ha) as compared to moisture regime of 0.8 IW/CPE ratio but was statistically at par with 1.0 IW/CPE ratio.
Maximum production efficiency (PE) of 88.08 kg/ha/day was recorded with rice-potato-groundnut sequence which was found significantly superior over other cropping sequences except to that of rice-maize+potato-sesbania (green manure) cropping sequence (83.42 kg/ha/day). Maximum PE of 82.67 kg/ha/day was noticed at 0.8 IW/CPE ratio which was comparable with 1.0 IW/CPE ratio (80.26 kg/ha/day) but was significantly superior over 1.2 IW/CPE ratio.
Rice-maize+potato-sesbania (green manure) cropping sequence occupied the field for longer period with land use efficiency (LUE) of 92.32 per cent while moisture regimes did not influence the LUE.
Water-use efficiency (WUE) and water productivity were exhibited the highest value in rice-maize+potato-sesbania (green manure) cropping sequence (229.64 kg/ha-cm and ` 18.84/m3, respectively). No significant differences in WUE and water productivity were observed due to different moisture regimes.
Rice-maize+potato-sesbania (green manure) cropping sequence generated maximum gross returns (` 366915/ha) and net returns (` 230300/ha) while rice-maize+garden pea cropping sequence showed the highest B: C ratio (3.05) however, under different moisture regimes the highest gross returns (` 335724/ha), net returns (` 214530/ha) and B: C ratio (1.87) were recorded at 1.2 IW/CPE ratio.
Rice-maize+potato-sesbania (green manure) cropping sequence recorded significantly highest total uptake of N (371.63 kg/ha), P (93.70 kg/ha), K (330.74 kg/ha) while the lowest was due to rice-potato-greengram cropping sequence under different moisture regimes. IW/CPE ratio of 1.2 recorded the highest total NPK uptake of 342.05, 74.63, 259.71 kg/ha and the lowest uptake was recorded with 0.8 IW/CPE ratio.
There was non-significant variation in pH and EC in all the cropping sequences and moisture regimes. Organic carbon in soil was found significantly highest in rice-maize+potato-sesbania (green manure) cropping sequence (0.56 %) and at moisture regimes of 0.8 IW/CPE ratio (0.52 %).
Rice-maize+potato-sesbania (green manure) cropping sequence and moisture regimes at 0.8 IW/CPE ratio registered maximum available N, P2O5, K2O (272.32, 35.24, 187.56 kg/ha, respectively) and (195.86, 30.87, 185.73 kg/ha) respectively as compared to other treatments at the end of second year of investigation.
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