PERFORMANCE OF DIRECT SEEDED RICE (Oryza sativa L.) IN RELATION TO ESTABLISHMENT METHODS, PLANT DENSITIES AND HERBICIDES
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Date
2012
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PAU Ludhiana
Abstract
The investigation entitled “Performance of direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) in
relation to establishment methods, plant densities and herbicides” was conducted at
Students’ Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University,
Ludhiana during kharif 2009 and 2010. The soil was loamy sand, normal in soil reaction &
electrical conductivity, low in organic carbon &available nitrogen and medium in available
phosphorus & potassium. Three experiments were sown on 6th June 2009 and 4th June 2010.
Experiment I was laid out in Split Plot Design with 4 replications comprising 5 crop
establishment methods {direct seeding with Zero Till Drill, Modified Drill, Conventional
Drill, puddled broadcasted and puddled transplanted} in main plots and 4 weed control
methods {pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 pre-em. alone and integrated with bispyribac 0.025 kg &
azimsulfuron 0.02 kg ha-1 at 30 DAS/T and weed free} in sub-plots. Experiment II and III
were laid out in Randomised Block Design with 3 replications. Experiment II contained 16
combinations of 4 seed rates {20 kg, 30 kg, 40 kg and 50 kg ha-1} and 4 row spacings {15, 20,
25 and 30 cm}. Experiment III comprised 16 weed control treatments of pendimethalin 0.75
kg, butachlor 1.50 kg, thiobencarb 1.50 kg, anilofos 0.375 kg, pretilachlor 0.75 kg, oxadiargyl
0.09 kg and pyrazosulfuron ethyl 0.015 kg ha-1 as pre-em. alone and integrated with
bispyribac 0.025 kg ha-1 at 30 DAS; two hand weedings and unweeded control.
The results revealed that growth parameters, yield attributes and grain yield did not
vary significantly among establishment methods, seed rates and row spacings. The effect of
establishment methods on sheath blight incidence & severity, stem borer & leaf folder
damage, root density, weed population & dry matter and residues of post-emergence
herbicides were non-significant. In Experiment I, the maximum grain yield (71.06 q and
62.77 q ha-1) was recorded in weedfree treatment which was at par with integrated use of
pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 with bispyribac 0.025 kg or azimsulfuron 0.02 kg ha-1 during 2009
and 2010, respectively. In Experiment III, the maximum grain yield (59.96 q and 52.88 q ha-1)
of direct seeded rice was recorded in two hand weedings treatment which was at par with
integrated herbicidal treatments containing pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 (59.09 q and 52.10 q
ha-1), butachlor 1.50 kg ha-1 (53.05 q and 51.36 q ha-1), thiobencarb 1.50 kg ha-1 (54.16 q ha-1
and 51.65 q ha-1) and oxadiargyl 0.09 kg ha-1 (54.86 q and 49.59 q ha-1) with bispyribac 0.025
kg ha-1 during 2009 and 2010, respectively. Different herbicides used were safe to soil
microbial population.
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