Studies on effect of different tillage methods and weed management practices in late sown wheat
| dc.contributor.advisor | Kumar, Arun | |
| dc.contributor.author | Pal, Ravikesh Kumar | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-04-09T10:14:38Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2023-04-09T10:14:38Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2022 | |
| dc.description.abstract | A field experiment was conducted during Rabi session of 2020-21 and 2021-22 at research farm of Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, to asses on the effect of different tillage methods and weed management practices on weed dynamics, yield and economics of late sown wheat,. The soil of experimental field was sandy loam in texture, medium in organic carbon (0.51%), Neutral pH (7.48) with alkaline reaction and available nitrogen (174.50 kg ha-1) and extractable potassium (154.4 kg ha-1) whereas, medium in available phosphorus (31.25 kg ha-1). The experiment consisted of two tillage methods in main plots i.e., T1: conventional tillage (CT); T2: Zero-tillage (ZT) and eight weed management practices in sub-plots i.e., W1: Sulfosulfuron 75% WG @ 25 g a.i. ha-1 , W2: Metsulfuron methyl 20% WP@ 4 g a.i. ha-1, W3: Carfentrazone ethyl 40% DF@ 20 g a.i. ha-1 , W4: Mesosulfuron methyl 3% + Idosulfuron methyl sodium 0.6% WG (RM) @ (12+2.4) g a.i. ha-1, W5: Sulfosulfuron 75% + Metsulfuron methyl 5% WG (RM) (30+2) g a.i. ha-1, W6: Carfentrazone ethyl 20% + Sulfosulfuron 25% WG (RM) (20 + 25) g a.i. ha-1, W7: Weed free and W8: Weedy laid out in split plot design. All herbicides were applied as post emergence at 32 DAS. The wheat variety HI-1563 was sown on last weeks of December in both years. The crop was infested with diverse type of weed flora viz., grassy, broad leaved and sedges weeds group. However, broad leaved weeds was more dominant, it contributes about 72% of overall population than grassy and Cyperus rotundus was the only species of sedges. Among them the most dominant weeds were Phalaris minor, Cynodon dactylon, Polypogon monspeliensis, Polygonum plebeium, Physalis minima, Solanum nigrum, Chenopodium album, Rumex dentatus and other broad leaves weeds (Melilotus indica, Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, Anagallis arvensis). Results of pooled data of two years revealed that at all growth stages of the crop, zero tillage decreased the density and dry weight of all the major weed species of broad leaved and grassy weeds as compared to conventional tillage. Among weed management practices, weed free treatment recorded zero value of weed density and dry weight with 100 % weed control efficiency and among herbicides, Sulfosulfuron 75% + Metsulfuron methyl 5% WG (RM) (30+2) g a.i. ha-1 recorded lower density and dry weight of weeds with 90.5 % weed control efficiency, followed by Carfentrazone ethyl 20% + Sulfosulfuron 25% WG (RM) (20 + 25) g a.i. ha-1 with 89.7 % WCE and was found significantly superior over the weedy. The maximum nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake by weeds was noted under the conventional tillage. All growth parameters viz., Plant height, tillers, dry matter accumulation and yield attributing characters and grain yield (36.41 q ha-1, 9% higher yield than CT) were significantly highest in zero tillage wheat as compared to conventional tillage wheat, these beneficiary was due to less incidence of weeds with better weed suppression in zero tillage. Among weed management practices, weed free treatment was found better in term of plant height, dry mater accumulation, tillers, yield attributes and grain and straw yield, it was recorded 64 % higher yield as compared to weedy; being at par with W5 (Sulfosulfuron 75% + Metsulfuron methyl 5% WG (RM) @ (30+2) g a.i. ha-1) (54% higher yield as compare to weedy) and W6 (Carfentrazone ethyl 20% + Sulfosulfuron 25% WG (RM) @ (20+25) g a.i. ha-1) (47% higher yield as compare to weedy). Treatment combination W5 (Sulfosulfuron 75% + Metsulfuron methyl 5% WG (RM) @ (30+2) g a.i. ha-1) in zero tillage gave higher growth and yield followed by W6 (Carfentrazone ethyl 20% + Sulfosulfuron 25% WG (RM) @ (20+25) g a.i. ha-1). Uncontrolled weeds in weedy caused 40.22 per cent reduction in grain yield respectively as compared to weed free situation.. The experiment confirmed that different tillage methods and weed management practices affected the soil fertility, microbial population and enzymatic activity of soil, zero tillage restored the soil health and it observed higher microbial population, enzymatic activity with higher available nutrients. Weed management practices influenced the soil biological activity in short period and then recovered weed free treatment good conserving the biological activity of soil followed by weedy and all herbicides showed significant adverse effect on the microbial population recorded at 3 days after herbicide application, later it was recorded higher in weed free and all herbicidal treatment as compare to weedy. While weedy was found also conserving the nutrients in term of available nutrients. zero tillage capability has better diversion of nutrient removal by weeds towards crop so the highest nutrient uptake was recorded in zero tillage while among the weed management practices, weed free treatment had also found same response followed by W5 (Sulfosulfuron 75% + Metsulfuron methyl 5% WG (RM) @ (30+2) g a.i. ha-1) and W6 (Carfentrazone ethyl 20% + Sulfosulfuron 25% WG (RM) @ (20+25) g a.i. ha-1). Considering the economics, zero tillage was found better with high net return (₹ 58378 ha-1 and B: C ratio 1.72). Among tillage, weed free treatment was found higher gross return but it was not economical due to high incurred of money, Hence application of herbicides was found effective in net return and B: C ratio. Application of W5 (Sulfosulfuron 75% + Metsulfuron methyl 5% WG (RM) @ (30+2) g a.i. ha-1) (₹ 62493 ha-1 and B:C ratio 1.89), followed by W6 (Carfentrazone ethyl 20% + Sulfosulfuron 25% WG (RM) @ (20+25) g a.i. ha-1) (₹ 62211 ha-1 and B:C ratio 1.80), and W4 (Mesosulfuron methyl 3% + Idosulfuron methyl sodium 0.6% WG (RM) @ (12+2.4) g a.i. ha-1) (₹ 60289 ha-1 and B:C ratio 1.74), for late sown wheat. On the basis of two years experimentation, it may be recommended that zero tillage method of sowing and weed management through application of Sulfosulfuron 75% + Metsulfuron methyl 5% WG (RM) (30+2) g a.i. ha-1 should be practiced for minimizing weed flora and getting higher yield with profitability in late sown condition. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810196175 | |
| dc.language.iso | English | en_US |
| dc.pages | 257 | en_US |
| dc.publisher | Department of Agronomy, BAU, Sabour | en_US |
| dc.sub | Agronomy | en_US |
| dc.theme | Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry | en_US |
| dc.these.type | Ph.D | en_US |
| dc.title | Studies on effect of different tillage methods and weed management practices in late sown wheat | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |