EFFECT OF WEED MANAGEMENT AND INTERCROPPING ON GROWTH, YIELD AND WEED DYNAMICS OF CHICKPEA UNDER CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.) + CORIANDER (Coriandrum sativum L.) INTERCROPPING SYSTEM
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Date
2023
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RPCAU, Pusa
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at Dhab area farm, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar during the rabi season of 2022-23 to study the “Effect of weed management and intercropping on growth, yield and weed dynamics of Chickpea under Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) + Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) intercropping system”. The experiment was laid out in SPD (Split plot design) replicated thrice with four main-plot and four sub-plot treatments. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, calcareous in nature with pH of 8.23, EC 0.233 dS/m, low in organic carbon (0.37 %), low in available nitrogen (241.4 kg/ha), medium in available phosphorous (18.5 kg/ha) and low in available potassium (116.5 kg/ha). Intercropping of chickpea and coriander was done in main plot in different cropping ratios viz., sole chickpea (M1), chickpea + coriander 3:1 (M2), chickpea + coriander 4:2 (M3) and chickpea + coriander 5:2 (M4). In sub plot, weed management practices were done viz., application of pendimethalin 33% @ 1000 g/ha as PE (S1), pendimethalin 33% @ 1000 g/ha as PE fb one hand weeding at 30 DAS (S2), two hand weeding at 30 and 50 DAS (S3) and weedy check (S4).
Effect of intercropping had no significant difference in the plant height of chickpea but, weed management practices recorded significant differences in plant height. Highest plant height of chickpea was recorded in S2- Pendimethalin 33% @ 1000 g/ha as PE fb one hoeing at 30 DAS (15.1 cm) and 60 DAS (28.1 cm) and at 90 DAS and harvest maximum plant height were recorded in S¬¬3- Two hoeing at 30 and 50 DAS (41.4 and 44.6 cm) respectively. M2- Chickpea + coriander (3:1) recorded maximum dry weight accumulation in chickpea at all the stages (0-30 DAS, 30-60 DAS, 60-90 DAS and 90 DAS-harvest) and S1- Pendimethalin 33% @ 1000 g/ha as PE recorded significantly maximum dry weight at 30 DAS which remained at par with S2-pendimethalin 33% @ 1000 g/ha as PE fb one hoeing at 60 DAS and S3-two hoeing at 30 and 50 DAS at 90 DAS and harvest. S2- Pendimethalin 33% @ 1000 g/ha as PE fb one hoeing at 30 DAS recorded significantly highest number of primary as well as secondary branches at 30 DAS whereas, maximum branches (primary and secondary) at 60 DAS were registered by S3-Two hoeing at 30 and 50 DAS. M3- Chickpea + coriander (4:2) recorded significantly higher number of secondary branches at 60 DAS. There were no significant differences found in the number of nodules developed at 60 DAS on chickpea. M2- Chickpea + coriander (3:1) recorded significantly higher crop growth rate (CGR) at all the stages whereas S1-Pendimethalin @1000 g/ha as PE registered maximum CGR at 0-30 DAS and S3- Two hoeing at 30 and 50 DAS registered maximum CGR at 30-60 DAS, 60-90 DAS and 90-harvest. Significantly higher relative growth rate (RGR) was recorded in S3-Two hoeing at 30 and 50 DAS for 30-60 DAS. Intercropping patterns at all stages and weed management practices at 0-30, 60-90 and 90 DAS- harvest had no significant effect in the RGR of chickpea plant.
The effect of intercropping was not significant for pods/plant, seeds/pod and seed index whereas weed management practices only impart significant difference for pods/plant. S3- Two hoeing at 30 and 50 DAS recorded maximum pods/plant. M1- Sole chickpea and S3-Two hoeing at 30 and 50 DAS significantly influenced as well as recorded maximum seed yield (1,328 kg/ha) and, stover yield (2,061 kg/ha) and harvest index was not significantly influenced by row ratio and weed control treatments.
Weed density was significantly different weed management practices. Lowest densities of grasses (35.52 and 26.57 no./m2) sedges (5.52 and 5.20 no./m2) and broadleaf weeds (20.70 and 18.68 no./m2) at 30 and 50 DAS was recorded in M2¬¬- Chickpea+ coriander (3:1) and S2- Pendimethalin 33% @ 1000 g/ha as PE fb one hoeing at 30 DAS recorded significantly lower weed density of grasses and sedges (25.19 and 3.58 no./m2) respectively among the weed management practices. M2- Chickpea + coriander (3:1) recorded significantly lower weed dry weight at both 30 (27.01 g/m2) and 50 DAS (31.67 g/m2) and S2- Pendimethalin 33% @ 1000 g/ha as PE fb one hoeing at 30 DAS among the weed management practices at 30 and 50 DAS (24.41 and 12.64 g/m2). Weed control efficiency (WCE) was significantly influenced by both, intercropping and weed management practices. M4- Chickpea + coriander (5:2) and M2- Chickpea + coriander (3:1) recorded maximum WCE at 30 and 50 DAS (16.35 % and 49.81 %) and S2- Pendimethalin 33% @ 1000 g/ha as PE and one hoeing at 30 and 50 DAS successfully registered maximum WCE and 30 and 50 DAS (26.97 % and 80.65 %). Analysis of nutrients (N, P and K) depleted by weeds revealed that weeds in M2- Chickpea + coriander (3:1) and S3- Two hoeing significantly reduced nutrients getting depleted by the weeds.
Economics at different treatments clearly indicated that M3- Chickpea + coriander 4:2 exhibited significantly higher gross returns (₹ 92,702/ha), net returns (₹ 57,123/ha) and B:C ratio (1.58) among the intercropping patterns. With regards to weed management practices, two hoeing at 30 and 50 DAS registered significantly higher gross returns (₹ 1,05,928/ha), whereas S2- Pendimethalin 33% @ 1000 g/ha as PE fb one hoeing at 30 DAS registered significantly highest net returns (₹ 79,858/ha) as well as highest B: C ratio (1.89).