SURVEY STUDY, ETIOPATHOLOGY, CLINICAL CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF PET AND ZOO COMPANION BIRDS

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dc.contributor.advisorJani, R. G.
dc.contributor.authorLABANA, YAMINI CHANDRAKANTBHAI
dc.date.accessioned2018-06-07T06:15:52Z
dc.date.available2018-06-07T06:15:52Z
dc.date.issued2014
dc.description.abstractBirds are commonly found in-situ as one of the component of ecosystem and are maintained in ex-situ conservation in zoos and households all over the world. The birds of major biological orders viz., Passeriformes and Psittaciformes form the companion birds. Now-a-days, people like to have birds as a companion pet. Apart from pet bird lovers, many species of birds are also maintained by aviculturaUsts, zoological institutions, organizations for captive breeding programs. Looking towards the increasing popularity of these birds and consultancies to the clinician there arises a need to understand their normal physiological baselme information and their Use style behavioural studies to put on record normal haemato-biochemical and clinical informations as well as to rule out various causes of diseases and disorders of healthy and diseasesd zoo and pet companion birds. In the present study,retrospective and prospective study of common psittaciane birds of 200 and pet group were collected and analysed.During the period of 2 years (April 2011-March 2012 and April 2012-March 2013), information was collected and retrieved from total 1951 stock of companion birds, which comprised of 1924 birds from zoos and 27 from different pet owners of the birds who registered clinical cases to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex (TVCC), Anand. The inference were drawn based on over all status, zoo wise, species wise, season wise and it was also studied on abnormal condition wise. Overall mortality data was observed as 6.6 per cent from the available records. The zoo wise mortality record suggested higher mortality in Ahmedabad zoo (8.27%) followed by Surat zoo (7.22%), Junagadh zoo (5.84%) and lower in Baroda zoo (1.94%). Species wise highest mortality was found in lorilceet swimson (100%) and in red rumped parakeet (100%) whereas lowest in zebra finch (0.8%). Amongst various diseases and disorders of study group, it was found over all high prevalence rate of mortality by coccidiosis (42.51%) followed by haemorrhagic enteritis (22.04%)) whereas it was found low for various disorders like ovarian tumor (0.78%)). Season wise highest mortality was recorded during winter season (48.8%)) followed by summer (41.7%)) and lowest recorded in monsoon (9,5%o) from zoos and TVCC. In both zoos and TVCC, the mortality (71.65%) and morbidity (51.85%) respectively recorded during April 2011-March 2012 was found to be higher than mortality (28.35%) and morbidity (48.15%) recorded during April 2012-March 2013. Out of total of 1954 birds, 48 were recorded with different physical abnormalities out of which 30 were with zoo and 18 were with pet birds. The different physical abnormalities were recorded in prepared proforma and data were analyzed. Zoo bird wise and pet birds wise the status of few important physical abnormalities were, pectoral muscle abnormality with (26.7%) and (12.0%), feather plucking with (50%) and (100%), stereotype movements with (66.7%) and (50%), skin abnormality (6.7%) and (5.6%) respectively. Birds showing diarrhoea were found to have low temperature (102.6 °F) while, those showing anorexia and respiratory distress were found with high temperature (108.0 °F) and (108.2 °F) respectively. Overall incidence of E.coli was recorded 63.2% from zoo and pet birds. Salmonella spp. was found 10.5 %, Klebsiella spp. (5.3%), Staphylococcus spp. (15.8%) and Streptococcus spp. (5.3%). From fungal isolates Candida spp. (27.3%)) was found highest from affected birds showing signs of diarrhoea. Prevalence rate of Aspergillus spp. was found 22.7 per cent. Overall prevalence rate of parasitic infection was found 48.6 per cent in which Eimeria oocysts were found highest (30%) followed by Ascaridia spp. (27.5%), Capillaria spp. (10.0%), trematode (7.5%), cestode (7.5%) and mixed infection (12.5%). Haematological study revealed non-significant variations amongst healthy and affected birds except for PCV (%) of affected (54.50±1.39%) were found significantly higher than healthy (49.40±l.39%) ones which were on account of dehydration and haemoconcentration. Biochemical analysis of Glucose (mg/dl) and uric acid (mg/dl) were found with no significant difference and only CPK (U/L) of affected (382±56.79 U/L) was found significantly higher than healthy ones (249.65±19.32 U/L) which was on account of muscle damage due to injury and confinement. ® One out of total of six cases screened for Chlamydiosis by using Immunocomb Avian Chlamydophila psittaci Antibodies Test Kit was found with scale 1-2 (inconclusive) while, remaining all were with scale 0 (negative) results. The major E. coli serotypes from positive samples revealed 01 (2), 04 (1) and 026 (2). In zoo birds overcrowding was observed among small species of birds like budgerigers (33.4%) and in pet birds it was only 27.8 per cent. In zoos, birds were provided with nutritionally adequate diet whereas, in pet birds seeds plus fruits (38.9%) diet was found to be offered highest. Pet birds were mainly provided with perches (44.4%) and swings (33.3%) for enrichment while, zoo birds with perches, holes and tunnels. In zoos for nesting facilities earthen pots, holes in the walls and wooden boxes were provided. Among pet birds prevalence rate of provision of earthen pots (33.3%) was found highest followed by paper shreds as nesting material (16.7%), hay straw (27.8%) and wooden boxes (11.1%). In zoos, provisions of medications were in routine and scheduled. But, in pet birds it was found multivitamins (33.3%) to be provided highest. Lack of awareness regarding deworming and antibiotics makes pet owners not providing them to their birds. The necessary suggestions were made to pet owners and zoo managers reciprocated with improvement in the health conditions. Study realized a need to standardize the protocol for health check up and regular monitoring of health of zoo and pet psittacine birds intensively.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810049737
dc.keywordsSURVEY STUDY, ETIOPATHOLOGY, CLINICAL CARE, MANAGEMENT OF PET, ZOO COMPANION BIRDSen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherAAU, Ananden_US
dc.research.problemSURVEY STUDY, ETIOPATHOLOGY, CLINICAL CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF PET AND ZOO COMPANION BIRDSen_US
dc.subVeterinary Medicineen_US
dc.subjectVETERINARY MEDICINEen_US
dc.subjectA STUDYen_US
dc.themeSURVEY STUDY, ETIOPATHOLOGY, CLINICAL CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF PET AND ZOO COMPANION BIRDSen_US
dc.these.typeM.V.Sc.en_US
dc.titleSURVEY STUDY, ETIOPATHOLOGY, CLINICAL CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF PET AND ZOO COMPANION BIRDSen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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