Study on soil surface and aquatic macrofauna in rice from rice based cropping system at Sabour
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Date
2018-06
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Department of Entomology, BAU, Sabour
Abstract
The experimental field having the rice based cropping system situated at Sabour (NL 25°14' 3" EL 87°2' 42") and which has been maintained continuously for last six years was chosen for the present investigation. All the recommended package of practices except plant protection measures have been done during the period of investigation. In the present study, the soil surface macrofauna (ground dwelling) as well as aquatic macrofauna (when available) were sampled twice a month during the study period from (July, 2017 to October, 2017). The soil surface and aquatic macrofauna found during the period of present investigation belonged to 42 species, 12 orders under five different classes among which many are going to be reported for the first time from Bihar through this investigation. Identification of two millipede species and one Orthopteran have been possible only at family level only while of two species have possible only at order level. A total of 3148 macrofauna were sampled from the paddy field during mentioned period of investigation. These whole sampled macrofauna under different insect and non insect orders indicated that the order Coleoptera recorded the highest number of individuals (957, 30%) which was followed by Littorinimorpha (Gastropoda) (740, 23%), Hymenoptera (728, 23%), Araneae (Arachnida), Hemiptera (Insecta), Polydesmida (Diplopoda), Hygrophila (Gastropoda), Orthoptera (Insecta), Dermaptera (Insecta), Caenogastropoda (Gastropoda) and Stylommatophora (Gastropoda). Coleopterans in the present investigation during the period of observation
belonged to eleven families namely, Chrysomelidae, Hydrophilidae, Dytiscidae, Anthicidae, Carabidae, Staphylinidae, Malachiidae, Curculionidae, Tenebrionidae, Elateridae and Limnichidae. As far as the total numbers of individuals belonging to different families were concerned, the family Chrysomelidae was having the highest number (321) followed by Dytiscidae (252), Limnichidae (98), Hydrophilidae (97), Carabidae (50), Staphylinidae (31), Anthicidae (28), Elateridae (28), Curculionidae (19), Tenebrionidae (19) and Malachiidae (14). Individuals belonging to the family Chrysomelidae in most of the cases were having significantly higher level of population in the zero tillage plots. Regarding the aquatic macrofauna the family Gerridae was having the highest number (128) followed by Hydrometridae (33) and Nepidae (15). The Limnogonus nitidus population was significantly higher in the zero tillage plots as compared to the conventional tillage and permanent bed method. The other soil surface dwelling and aquatic macrofauna except Garstropoda and Diplopoda in most of the cases were found in higher level in the zero tillage plots. However, the cropping systems and the interaction on majority of the studied macrofauna did not show any significant differences.
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