DEVELOPMENT OF NEXT-GEN NANO-BIO FORMULATION OF Trichoderma FOR SEED TREATMENT OF VEGETABLE CROPS
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Date
2018-01
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AAU, Jorhat
Abstract
Trichoderma is a potential antagonistic biological control agent for the management of soil borne and aerial plant pathogens. Trichoderma based bioformulations has been developed by different scientists throughout the world with effective field results. Chitosan nanoparticles have various applications due to its biodegradable and non- toxic properties. It can elicit natural innate defense responses within the plant system to resist plant diseases. Trichoderma spp. can be stimulated for production of chitinase by addition of nano chitosan in its bioformulation. In the present study, chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized from four different fungus viz., Fusarium oxysporum, Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana and Trichoderma viride and one commercial product of chitosan (Sigma Aldrich) was taken for comparison. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by using UV-VIS Spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), Zetasizer, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Formation of chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) were confirmed by UV-VIS spectroscopy study with absorption peaks at the range of 310.02 to 342.00 nm. FTIR study showed that synthesized chitosan NP has all the required functional groups like OH, N-H, C-H, C=O, C-O, C-N and P=O. Study on surface properties of NPs by using zetasizer resulted that chitosan NPs synthesized from F. oxysporum, M. anisopliae, B. bassiana, T. viride and commercial product were found to be positively charged and were stable in nature with zeta potential of 3.24, 18.6, 5.4, 9.78 and 17.6 mV respectively. Electron microscopy study showed that the shape of NP as nearly spherical. DLS analysis showed the average size of the chitosan NPs synthesized from F. oxysporum, M. anisopliae, B. bassiana, T. viride and commercial products as 273.20, 172.50, 78.36, 89.03 and 300.10 nm respectively. Compatibility with T. asperellum study showed that nano chitosan at all the tested concentrations (@ 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03 per cent) were compatible. Study on in vitro efficacy against three soil borne plant pathogens viz., Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotium rolfsii and Rhizoctonia solani showed that the combination of T. asperellum and chitosan NP was superior in inhibiting the mycelial growth of the tested pathogens as compared to the recommended chemical @0.1 per cent. Nanochitosan based liquid formulation of T. asperellum was prepared and energy dispersive X- ray spectroscopy (EDX) study showed the presence of the required elements with per cent atomic weights. Further, study on in vitro bioefficacy of the nanobioformulation showed highly effective result with highest radial growth inhibition percentage of 62.07, 47.85 and 63.25 per cent against F. oxysporum, S. rolfsii and R. solani respectively. Seeds treated with nanobioformulation @ 0.3 per cent could protect the crops upto 47.02, 50.00 and 60.00 per cent at 50 days after sowing in pea, tomato and cabbage respectively over control with significant increase in growth as well as physiological parameters.
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