GENETIC ANALYSIS FOR YIELD AND COMPONENT CHARACTERS IN BREAD WHEAT
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Date
2015
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AAU, Anand
Abstract
The present investigation was conducted to study the heterosis, combining ability and gene effects for grain yield and yield attributing characters following diallel analysis involving ten purelines in wheat. The experimental material consisted of 56 genotypes representing 45 hybrids developed in diallel fashion excluding reciprocals, their 10 parents and standard check GW-496. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications at Regional Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Anand. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genolypes for all the characters, indicating presence of sufficient amount of variability in the material studied. The per se performance of parents revealed that GAW-5, GAW-8, GAW-13 and GW-173 were found superior for grain yield per plant and some of the yield contributing characters. The hybrids GAW-4 x LOK-1, GAW-4 x GAW-8 and GW-322 x LOK-1 were promising for grain yield per plant. The superiority of these hybrids were observed due to higher mean values of either yield contributing characters like length of main spike, number of grains per main spike, grain yield of main spike, test weight, biological yield per plant and harvest index. The magnitude of heterotic effects was high for number of effective tillers per plant, grain yield of main spike, grain yield per plant, biological yield per plant and harvest index. The highest heterobeltiosis for grain yield per plant was recorded by the cross GAW-1 x GAW-2 followed by GAW-4 x LOK-1 and GAW-2 X GW-366, while significant desirable standard heterosis was recorded in the crosses GAW-4 x LOK-1, GW-322 x LOK-1 and GAW-4 x GAW-8. High heterosis for grain yield was reflected mainly through its important components like number of effective tillers per plant, length of main spike, number of grains per main spike, test weight, biological yield per plant and harvest index. The analysis of variance for combining ability revealed the importance of both additive and non additive gene actions in the inheritance of all the characters except length of main spike, grain yield of main spike and protein content. However the ratio of gca to sea variance (o2gca / o2sca) indicated the preponderance of additive gene actions in the inheritance of days to maturity, plant height, length of main spike, peduncle length and number of grains per main spike and predominance of non additive gene action for the expression of days to 50 per cent flowering, number of effective tillers per plant, grain yield of main spike, grain yield per plant, test weight, biological yield per plant, harvest index and protein content. The estimates of gca effects indicated that the parents GAW-4, GAW-5 and GAW-8 were found good general combiners for grain yield per plant and some of the 3 yield contributing characters, hence these parents would be of immense value for future breeding program to develop high yielding genotypes. The parents LOK-1 and GW-173 were found to be good general combiners for days to 50 per cent flowering and days to maturity The good harmony was observed between per se performance of parents and their gca effects for grain yield and most of its traits. On the basis of per se performance, heterotic response and sea effects for yield and yield contributing characters, crosses GAW-4 X LOK-1, GW-322 x LOK-1 and GAW-4 x GAW-8 were found most promising, so these crosses may be advanced for isolating desirable segregants. Looking to the significance of both additive and non additive gene actions for most of the characters, biparental matings with reciprocal recurrent selection should be employed for further improvement of the traits in the population.
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Keywords
PLANT BREEDING AND GENETICS, AGRICULTURE, Analysis