Assessing genetic variability for asparagine synthetase expression in developing wheat grains
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Date
2022
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
Wheat serves as a rich source of energy for large part of world population which consumes it daily. In addition to calories,a large proportion of dietary protein is also obtained from wheat based products. However, recent studies have identified grain asparagine concentration to influence the acrylamide formationduring high temperature processing (a neurotoxic and potentially carcinogenic compound).Accordingly, the present study was aimed at exploring genetic variation in wheat landraces (of Indian, Iranian and Mexican origin) and cultivars for asparagine synthetase activity and free asparagine accumulation in developing caryopsis at different stages of grain development. Initially, a larger set of wheat landraces and cultivars was evaluated for phenotypic characters and wheat yield related parameters. Plant height,peduncle length and spike length ranged between 57.50cm to 114.70cm, 18.83 cm to 49.57cm and 4.50cm to 11.57cm respectively. Average value of five spike weight, number of grain per spike and 100-grain weight was recorded as 7.12 g, 32 and 3.11g respectively. A representative set of ten wheat landraces and cultivars was thereafter short listed to explore variability in asparagine biosynthesis at 7 DPA, 14 DPA, 21DPA, 28DPA and 35 DPA. With respect to asparagine synthetase expression, highest specific activity was found at 21 DPA that varied from 4.23 μmol of β-aspartyl hydroxamate formed min-1 g -1 protein (Mex 1116) to 28.67 μmol of β-aspartyl hydroxamate formed min-1 g -1 protein (BWL5429). An incremental increase in free asparagine accumulation was observed during grain filling period i.e. from an average value of 35.57 μmol g -1 FW (7 DPA) to 75.69 μmolg
-1 FW (35 DPA). With respect to free amino acid, the concentration increased from 7 DPA (1.99 mg g-1 FW) to 21 DPA (3.68 mg g-1 FW) and decreased thereafter (2.74 mg g-1 FW) at 35 DPA. As the grain filling progressed toward physiological maturity, highest total soluble protein concentration was found in CPAN-3004 (14.61mg g-1 FW). The information generated from the present work may be supplemented with expression studies and quantification of acrylamide from the processed food products of identified wheat genotypes.
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Ankit Singh (2022). Assessing genetic variability for asparagine synthetase expression in developing wheat grains (Unpublished M.Sc. thesis). Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.