SSR marker based identification of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids
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Date
2016
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CCSHAU
Abstract
Zea mays, commonly called maize is a grain crop (n = 10) belonging to the family Poaceae. It is an important staple food in many countries and is also used in animal feed and has many industrial applications. Genetic diversity of maize plays a key role in maize breeding. The introduction of new hybrid seeds that can survive low winter conditions, off-season diseases and pests with high productivity has made maize a profitable alternative for small farmers. Higher genetic purity is an essential pre–requisite for commercialization of any hybrid because mixing of hybrids can decrease the production rate. So, clear cut identification is essential for protection and prevention of unauthorized commercial usage. The SSR markers are preferred molecular markers for genetic purity identification in many crops due to their high efficiency, co-dominance, reproducibility, simplicity and accessibility to laboratories so, in this study a total of 75 SSR primer pairs were used for identification of maize hybrids and their parents. Genomic DNA of maize hybrids and their parents (HKI193-1×HKI163-HQPM1, HKI1105×HKI323-HM4, HKI1352×HKI1344-HM2, HKI193-2 ×HKI161-HQPM1, HKI163×HKI161-HQPM5, and HKI193-1 × HKI16-HQPM7) were isolated using CTAB method. Gel electrophoresis was carried out for the separation and detection of the amplified products. Out of 75 SSR primer pairs used, 8 SSR primers could distinguish the different hybrids from their parents. The SSR data was used to determine genetic relationship among these genotypes by creating dendrogram. Cluster analysis distributed these hybrids and their parents genotypes into two major clusters and further, in two sub clusters. The number of allele per locus varied from was 1-3 and PIC value obtained were 0.402 for 2 alleles and 0.523 for 3 alleles. The study will be very useful in detecting unwanted seed mixed with hybrid seed.
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Keywords
Hybrids, Maize, Genetics, Polymorphism, Dna, Alleles, Genetic structures, Purity, Genotypes, Locus