Development of bacterial adjuvants for foliar zinc spray in wheat (Triticum aestivum)
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Date
2016
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Abstract
Keeping in view, importance of zinc for various crops and role of phyllospheric bacteria
in making it available to the plants, a total of forty eight bacterial isolates were obtained from five
different crops (wheat, mustard, cotton, pearl millet and moong). All the bacterial isolates were
characterized for ammonia excretion, IAA production, zinc and Phosphate solubilization. Out of 48
isolates, 32 isolates solubilized zinc oxide in which Isolate MNN1 showed highest Zn solubilization
index (37.05). A total of 42 isolates were producing IAA and highest IAA production was observed in
isolate MNJ1 (28.173 μg/ml). Ammonia excretion was detected in 42 isolates and highest ammonia
excretion was showed by isolate COJ1 (4.890 μg/ml). A total of 29 isolates showed phosphate
solubilization and highest P-solubilization index was observed in PMN1 (18.78). On the basis of plant
growth promoting traits, total 6 isolates (COJ1, PMN1, MNN1, MNN2, WHN3 and MNJ1) were
selected for the pot house studies in wheat. Different yield attributing traits such as chlorophyll content,
total leaf soluble protein, dehydrogenase activities, acid and alkaline phosphatases activities, total
phyllospheric and rhizospheric bacterial population, plant height and root and shoot weight (fresh and
dry) were observed at different interval of time. Maximum chlorophyll content (7.65 mg/g fresh
weight), leaf soluble protein (13.33 mg/g fresh weight), soil dehydrogenase activity (209.00 μg TPF/g
soil/h), alkaline phosphatase activity (226.07 μg PNP released/g soil/h) was observed in plant treated
with foliar application of Zn and isolate COJ1 along with RDF i.e. treatment T11 at 90 DAS.
Maximum soil acid phosphatase activity was observed in RDF and Zn foliar application i.e. treatment
T3 (178.86 μg PNP released/g soil/h). Total phyllospheric & rhizospheric viable count was observed
maximum in foliar application of Zn and isolate COJ1 along with RDF i.e. treatment T11 (7.00 log no.
cfu/g leaves & 8.66 log no. cfu/g soil respectively) after 90 days of sowing. Maximum plant height
(cm) was observed with foliar application of Zn and isolate COJ1 along with RDF i.e. treatment T11
(24.11 cm). Highest root weight (fresh & dry) were observed in foliar application of isolate MNN2
along with RDF i.e. treatment T9 which were 12.40 g and 4.00 g respectively. Highest shoot weight
(fresh & dry) were observed in foliar application of Zn and isolate COJ1 along with RDF i.e. treatment
T11 (61 g and 19.8 g respectively). Among the six bacterial isolates (COJ1, PMN1, MNN1, MNN2,
WHN3 and MNJ1) tested for plant growth promotion effect in wheat crop, maximum plant growth
promotion effect was observed with bacterial isolate COJ1 along with zinc spray. So, bacterial isolate COJ1
can be explored for the field experiments as zinc adjuvant for the growth promotion of wheat plant.
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Keywords
Planting, Bacteria, Zinc, Biological development, Wheats, Inorganic acid salts, Ecosystems, Biological phenomena, Enzymes, Productivity