Epidemiological study of Giardiasis in livestock and associated nomadic rearers
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Date
2018-12-13
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Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu (J&K)
Abstract
The study explored prevalence of giardiasis in livestock and their associated nomadic rearers in and around Jammu region. A total of 420 fecal/stool samples (120 cattle, 120 buffalo, 30 sheep, 30 goats and 120 nomads) were analysed using Lugol’s iodine staining and formol-ether sedimentation. Identification of species was done using direct immunochromatographic assay. Formol-ether sedimentation revealed prevalence of 26.6% in cattle, 28.3% in buffaloes and 30.8% in nomads which was more than Lugol’s iodine staining technique, in cattle (22.5%), buffalo (24.1%) and nomads (28.3%). In cattle calves, significantly high prevalence was observed in females (31.76 %) (p=0.04) and in age group of 3-6 months (31.32 %) (p=0.00) in monsoon season (47.05%) (p=0.01). In buffalo calves, highest prevalence was observed in females (31.32%) and in age group of 3-6 months (45.45%), in monsoon season (53.12%) (p=0.00). Prevalence was higher in diarrhoeal calves (30.15% in cattle, 32.78% in buffaloes) than non-diarrhoeal calves (22.80% in cattle, 23.72% in buffaloes). In nomads, prevalence was higher in males (40%) (p=0.02), in age group below 10 years (43.07%) (p=0.00), during monsoon (56.66%) (p=0.00) and in diarrhoeal ones (36.70%). High risk of infection was observed in non-dewormed bovines (38.33%) (p=0.00) and in bovines that drank stream water (30.5%) (p=0.01). Giardiasis was significant in nomads who were using stream water for washing hands, utensils, ablution and recreational activities (40%) (p=0.01), followed unhygienic practices like not washing hands after defecation (40.07%) (p=0.00) or not having toilets at home (37.77%) (p=0.00). Prevalence was higher in children who ate raw vegetables/fruits (41.66%) (p=0.01). None of the samples was found positive for sheep and goat.
Description
Epidemiological study of Giardiasis in livestock and associated nomadic rearers
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