EVALUATION OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY AND ITS UTILIZATION IN A SEMI- ARID MICRO-WATERSHEDA CASE STUDY
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Date
2014-06-30
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UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, RAICHUR
Abstract
Water with its different forms of availability including groundwater is an essential
resource for all forms of life and is a fundamental resource for human survival and socioeconomic
development besides for maintaining ecosystems. The present study was
conducted in the Patapur (541.29 ha) micro-watershed (16˚ 07' 35.9'' Latitude and 760 51′
33.3'' Longitudes and 16˚ 08′ 22.3’’ Latitude and 76˚ 53′ 27.7'') situated under semiarid agro
climatic conditions. The study was carried out for assessment of groundwater availability
over the crop season, and its parameters (draft, recharge components) and its quality. These
aspects of groundwater were analyzed to prepare action plan for usage in case of agriculture,
which would be critical in the protective irrigation. The observed average groundwater
fluctuation would be in the range of 3- 4m during the study period. Aquifer parameters
namely, transmissivity and storage coefficient were found to be 102.54 m2/day and 0.47
indicates good replenishment status. The total groundwater draft in micro-watershed during
the investigation period was 22,8,,858.50 m3 or 42.27 mm of an equivalent depth over the
watershed area .The possible rechargeable quantity of water realized during the investigation
period was 514297.4 m3 or an equivalent depth of 94.99 mm . The periodical analysis of
groundwater samples collected from the representative tube wells located in the study area
revealed that the parameters such as pH (7-8.5), EC (0.83-1.32ds/m), Sodium (2 - 210 mg/l),
Potassium (0.3-14.5 mg/l), Nitrate (1.1-10.6 mg/l) and Sulphates (0.4 - 10.6 mg/l) were within
the permissible limits and there was no abnormal changes during the study period barring
minor variation in few wells during pre-monsoon. The parameters such as SAR(0.22-23),
Calcium (36-960 mg/l), Magnesium (43 - 518mg/l), Carbonates (34-370 mg/l), Fluoride (0.8-
2.3 mg/l) and Bicarbonates (62-592 mg/l) varied during post-monsoon (June 2013) as
compared to pre-monsoon (January 2014).
Key words: Groundwater quality, permissible limits, soil health, irrigation parameters etc.
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