EFFECT OF INCORPORATION OF ESSENTIAL OILS ALONE OR IN COMBINATIONS IN DIETS ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS
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Date
2019-04-01
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Department of Poultry Science, PGIVAS, Akola,MAFSU,Nagpur
Abstract
The present investigation was planned to study effect of
incorporation of essential oils alone or in combinations in diets on
performance of broiler chickens. Five experiments were conducted on
Vencobb-400 broiler chicks for a period of six weeks. Under each trial, every
treatment group had three replicates of 20 chicks each.
In the first trial, the birds in control group (A) offered basal diet
adequate in all nutrients as per BIS (2007). The birds in dietary treatment
groups B, C and D were offered diets containing Thyme EO and groups E, F and G were offered diets containing thyme and clove EO @100; 200 or 300
mg/kg diet, respectively. In second trial, the dietary treatment groups B, C
and D were offered diets containing cinnamon EO @ 100; 200 or 300 mg/kg
diet and birds in groups E, F and G were offered diets containing
peppermint EO 100; 200 or 300 mg/kg diet, respectively.
In the third trial, the dietary treatments were Group A: Control; Group
B: blend of (Thyme + Clove Essential oil) Group C: blend of (Thyme +
Cinnamon Essential oil); Group D: blend of (Thyme + Peppermint Essential
oil); Group E: blend of (Clove + Cinnamon Essential oil); Group F: blend of
(Clove + Peppermint Essential oil) and Group G: blend of (Cinnamon +
Peppermint Essential oil)
In fourth trial, A: Control; Group B: blend of (Thyme + Clove +
Cinnamon Essential oil) Group C: blend of (Clove + Cinnamon + Peppermint
Essential oil) Group D: blend of (Cinnamon+ Peppermint + Thyme Essential
oil) Group E: blend of (Peppermint + Thyme + Clove Essential oil) Group F:
blend of (Thyme + Clove + Cinnamon + Peppermint Essential oil).
The fifth trial was conducted to compare the best performing groups
selected based on the results of experiment I to IV in order to explore the
superior dietary treatment.
In first experiment, the live body weight and gain in body weights
was significantly (P<0.01) higher in broilers fed diets having clove EO 300
mg/kg than all treatment groups from 2nd to 6th weeks. Significantly higher
(P<0.05) weekly feed consumption was observed in treatment group G
(Clove EO 300mg/kg) as compared to control group. The improved feed
efficiency was observed in all essential oil supplemented treatments as
compared to control. Among the essential oil supplemented groups, the
birds fed with 300 mg/kg clove EO had obtained higher ND and IBD titer
values compared to control and other essential oil fed birds. The maximum
dressing yield was observed in bird fed 300 mg/kg clove EO followed by 100
mg/kg Thyme EO; 200 mg/kg clove EO and lowest dressing yield was found
in control group. The improved appearance, texture, juiciness, flavor,
tenderness and overall acceptance were observed in all essential oil supplemented groups. The higher profit per kg of broiler was in group G (
ration containing clove EO 300 mg/kg) as compared to other groups.
In second experiment, live body weight and cumulative weight gain
was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the birds fed peppermint or cinnamon
EO 200 mg/kg diet as compared to other essential oils fed birds and control.
The bird fed 200 mg/kg diet peppermint essential oil slightly higher
cumulative feed consumption than control group. Numerically better FCR
was observed in treatment group F. At 3rd and 6th weeks, the antibody titers
against ND and IBD in treatment groups receiving diet essential oil
supplemented bird were numerically higher than control. The dressing yield
was significantly higher in all essential oil supplemented groups compared
to control. The higher profit per kg of broiler was in group F (ration
containing peppermint EO 200 mg/kg)
In third experiment, the birds fed blend of clove plus peppermint
essential oil had given significantly (P<0.05) higher body weight as
compared to other treatment groups. The cumulative feed consumption in
birds fed blend of clove and peppermint diet was higher. The significantly
better cumulative feed efficiency was found in group F (Clove + Peppermint
Essential oil) and group E (Clove + cinnamon) than control. At 3rd and 6th
weeks, the antibody titers against ND and IBD in treatment groups receiving
diet essential oil supplemented bird were numerically higher as compared to
other groups. Among essential oil supplemented groups, the significantly
higher dressing yield was observed in bird fed blend Thyme plus Cinnamon
EO. The higher profit per kg of broiler was in group F (ration containing
clove and peppermint)
In fourth experiment, the live body weight and cumulative weight
gain was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the birds fed with blend of clove,
cinnamon and peppermint (group C). Cumulative feed consumption in birds
fed with blends of thyme, clove, cinnamon and peppermint essential oil had
given significantly higher. Blend of clove, cinnamon and peppermint EO had
shown significantly better cumulative FCR. The higher profit per kg of broiler
was in ration containing blend of Clove + Cinnamon + Peppermint Essential
oil.
In fifth experiment, the live body weight and cumulative weight gain
was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the birds fed with blend of clove,
cinnamon and peppermint (group E) had given higher body weight gain.
Among the essential oil supplemented groups the clove, cinnamon and
peppermint EO have gave better feed efficiency as compare to other
essential oil fed bird and control group. The slightly improved serum protein
and albumin was observed in blend of clove plus peppermint essential oil
fed birds and lower serum glucose was observed in all essential oil fed
birds. The lower Serum cholesterol, SGPT and SGOT was observed in
blend of clove and peppermint EO fed birds. The maximum nitrogen
retention was observed in bird fed blends of clove, peppermint and
cinnamon. The higher profit per kg of broiler was in ration containing blend
of Clove + Cinnamon + Peppermint Essential oil.
Thus, it may be concluded that supplementation of essential oil in
broiler diets found beneficial in terms of growth performance, immune
response and economics of broiler production and overall acceptability of
broiler meat. Among the essential oil fed groups, the blend of clove,
peppermint and cinnamon EO added in broiler diets improved the growth
performance, feed efficiency, immune response, biochemical parameters,
nutrient utilization and improved the profit margin in broiler production.
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