STUDIES ON FRUIT FLIES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN GUAVA, BITTER GOURD AND DRUMSTICK ECOSYSTEMS
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Date
2018-04
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University of Horticultural Sciences , Bagalkot
Abstract
The studies related to species diversity and population dynamics, evaluation of
traps and trap designs, effect of irradiation on melon fly and integrated management
of fruit flies in guava, bitter gourd and drumstick ecosystems were conducted at
College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences (UHS), Bagalkot during
2015-16 and 2016-17. Five species of fruit flies were identified from guava and bitter
gourd, and 11 species from drumstick ecosystems.
In guava, Shannon index of diversity (H’) of the fruit fly population was
maximum during 48th standard meteorological week (SMW) of 2015 and 25th SMW
of 2017. The Pielou’s evenness (J') was maximum during 40th, 51st SMW of 2015 and
1st, 3rd and 48th SMW 2016 and 25th SMW of 2017. The maximum Simpson diversity
index value 1-D was during 1st SMW 2016 and 23rd SMW of 2017. The highest
number of B. dorsalis males was trapped during 27th and 28th SMW of 2015 and 2017
respectively, whereas that of B. correcta was noticed during 26th SMW of 2017 with
another small peak during 29th SMW. In bitter gourd H' was maximum during 6th
SMW of 2016. Maximum J' value was recorded during 6th SMW of 2016 and 52nd
SMW of 2015. The maximum 1-D value was recorded during 6th and 38th SMW of
2016. Maximum H' value was maximum during 38th SMW followed by 36th SMW of
2016. Maximum J' value was recorded during 38th SMW and 36th SMW of 2016.
Relatively high B. cucurbitae activity was noticed during the 34th SMW of 2016. The
maximum H' was during 17th SMW of 2016 and 12th SMW of 2017 in drumstick.
Maximum J' value was recorded 17th and 42nd SMW of 2016. The maximum (1-D)
was recorded during 17th SMW of 2016. During 2016-17 maximum H’ value during
43rd SMW of 2016. The first appearance of B. gavisa was during 43rd SMW of 2015,
with its peak during 6th SMW of 2016 and B. correcta 43rd SMW of 2015 with the
peak during 10th SMW of 2016 and 2nd SMW of 2017.
Methyl eugenol (2%) and fermented jaggery @ 25 g per trap attracted
significantly higher number of B. dorsalis while in drumstick ecosystem trap baited
with fermented banana (25g) was the most superior as it attracted significantly highest
number of pod flies. Among the two designs of bottle traps tested, bottles with holes
12 mm in bottom portion and loaded with 2 per cent ME trapped significantly highest
number of fruit flies. The transparent trap with 2 per cent ME of 12 mm captured
significantly highest number of B. dorsalis followed by transparent traps with 5 per
cent ME and the yellow coloured trap with 2 per cent ME. The highest number was
trapped in Barrix catchTM fruit fly trap followed by PCI trap and ME bottle trap.
When B. cucurbitae was subjected to different radiation doses, the treatment
of 30 Gy resulted in highest emergence percentage and 90 Gy was the most suitable
gamma radiation dose to obtain the highest sterility of males of B. cucrbitae applied
to three days old pupae. The maximum mating competitive value was recorded for 90
Gy with a cross ratio of 2:1:1 and 1:2:1. Among the IPM modules evaluated M3
(UHS-POP) in guava, M2 (Integrated IPM module) in bitter gourd and drumstick
could be recommended.
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