MORPHOLOGICAL, MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND GENETIC ANALYSIS FOR GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS OF BRINJAL (Solanum melongena L.)
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Date
2018-07
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University of Horticultural Sciences , Bagalkot
Abstract
The research work on “Morphological, molecular characterization and genetic
analysis for growth, yield and quality traits of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)” was
carried out in MHREC and Center for Biotechnology Research (CBR) field of
College of Horticulture, Bagalkot. The present study was under taken, to know the
genetic variability, character association, morphological and molecular diversity and
gene action using generation mean analysis. Genetic variability estimates revealed
high GCV, PCV, heritability coupled with high genetic advance for fruit yield and
quality traits. Fruit yield per plant recorded high significant positive correlation at
both phenotypic and genotypic levels with number of flowers per branch, number of
primary branches at 90 DAT, plant spread at 90 DAT, number of fruits per plant, fruit
diameter, reducing sugar and ascorbic acid.The path co efficient study revealed the
significant high positive direct effect of plant spread at 60, 90 DAT, number of
primary branches at 60, 90 DAT, total phenol, number of fruits per plant, plant height
at 60, 90 DAT, number of flowers per branch and stem girth at 60 DAT on fruit yield
per plant.
Based on D2 values for 19 agro-morphological traits, 55 genotypes were
grouped into 14 distinct clusters revealed prevalence of substantial genetic diversity
among the experimental material used. The genotypes CBB-23 (cluster XIV), A2
(cluster XIII), CBB-2 (cluster XII), CBB-50, CBB-49, A11, CBB-43, CBB-52 and
CBB-64 (cluster XI) showed high genetic diversity giving room to improvement
through hybridization between these genotypes.Twenty nine SSR markers were used
for molecular characterization of 55 genotypes among them, five markers were
polymorphic. The high polymorphism information content (PIC) value was found by
the marker SSRB 7 (0.63) followed by the marker SSRB 10 (0.56) and marker SSRB
1 (0.37). These markers helped in identification of diverse genotypes.
The individual scaling test viz., A, B C and D and joint scaling test indicates
that the simple additive-dominance model was adequate in plant height 60 and 90
282
DAT, fruit yield per plant in the cross CBB-43 x CBB-30 and CBB-16 x CBB-17 of
the yield and quality. In inadequacy of additive-dominance model, 6-parameter model
was fitted and the results of non-allelic interaction revealed significant of additive,
additive x additive, additive x dominance and dominance x dominance type of gene
effects for most of the yield and quality character in the crosses CBB-43 x CBB-30,
CBB-12 x CBB-2 and CBB-16 x CBB-17. The dominance [h] and dominance x
dominance [l] showed opposite signs for traits like fruit yield per plant, number of
flowers per branch, anthocyanin content, reducing sugars indicates duplicate type of
gene interaction and remaining traits showed similar sign of [h] and [l] shows
complimentary type of gene interaction.
The cross CBB-16 x CBB-17 showed predominant role of non-additive gene
action, over dominance, dominant based duplicate gene actions in controlling the
inheritance for plant height at 60, 90 and 120 DAT, stem girth at 60, 90 and 120 DAT,
number of primary branches at 60 and 90 DAT, number of flowers per branch at 60,
90 and 120 DAT, fruit diameter, total sugar, total phenol, reducing sugar and dry
matter content parameters. The cross CBB-12 x CBB-2 showed duplicated gene
action with non-additive and over dominance interaction for quality parameters and
for most of growth parameters. The cross CBB-43 x CBB-30 showed positive
heterobeltiosis, digenic interaction model with duplicated gene action, suggesting the
scope of hybrids as well as reciprocal recurrent selection for getting desirable
segregants in subsequent generations.
The positive significant heterobeltiosis was observed in plant height at 60, 90
and 120 DAT in all three crosses. Prevalence of heterobeltiosis for fruit yield per
plant and anthocyanin content in CBB-43 x CBB-30 cross, total sugar in the cross
CBB-16 x CBB-17, for ascorbic acid in CBB-43 x CBB-30 and CBB-12 x CBB-2
crosses, indicated the presence of dominance gene effects which is pre requisite for
development of superior hybrids with high yield.
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