STUDY ON EFFECT OF IN VITRO SUBCULTURES AND HORMONES ON VIGOUR AND FIDELITY IN GERBERA (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex. Hooker F.)

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Date
2018
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University of Horticultural Sciences , Bagalkot
Abstract
The study was carried out at the ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, during 2016-18, with an objective to develop efficient micro propagation protocol for mass multiplication of gerbera, to know the effect of in vitro subcultures and hormones on vigour, morphological and yield characters. Further, plants were subjected to genetic fidelity test using Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSRs) marker assay. The capitulum of six gerbera varieties viz., Arka Krishika, Arka Nesara, Arka Ashwa, Basics, Morelia and Stanza were utilized for the investigation. It was observed that capitulum size of 1.0 to 1.5 cm was best for regeneration in all the varieties studied. For maximum shoot induction and proliferation from capitulum explants, MS medium supplemented with 3mg/l 6-Benzylamnopurine (BAP) + 0.3 mg/l Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) was found to best. The capitulum derived in vitro shoot of Arka Ashwa from 5th sub culture were cultured in various concentration of hormones for 15 subcultures continuously. Even though low concentrations of 0.1 mg/l of BAP was proved to be effective for the establishment of shoot tip explants, however higher concentration of 0.3 mg/l BAP was the best for maximum shoot proliferation without any vitrified shoots and loosing vigor. The plants produced using kinetin performed well in terms of vigor but multiplication rate was lower compared to BAP. In the sustainable culture, no significant variation on vigour in terms of shoot proliferation and growth was observed from sixth to fifteenth subculture under various hormones studied. Morphological and yield performance continued to remain unaltered from 12th to 15th sub cultures. The clonal fidelity test using 20 ISSR primers were successfully attempted in micro propagated plants from 13 to 15th sub cultured plants and found that none of the primers showed any difference in the banding pattern, proving the genetic uniformity of the in vitro regenerated clones. From the present study it is confirmed that fifteen subcultures can be continuously performed from shoot tip without losing vigor in MS medium supplemented with BAP 0.3 mg/l. Commercially, an approximately 47000 tissue cultured plants can be obtained in a span of 45 weeks from 100 shoot tips, without losing vigor and quality of flower. In future, same studies can be conducted from 15th to 25th subcultures across different varieties.
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