Toxicological And Biochemical Studies Of O, O-Dimethyl-O- [2-Chloro-2-(Diethylcarbamoyl)- I-Methylvinyl]- Phosphate (Phosphamidon ) In Bubalus Bubalis
Loading...
Files
Date
1985
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana
Abstract
The acute, subacute and long-term toxicity studies of organophosphorus
insecticide phosphamidon were conducted in buffalo calves
following oral administration. The therapeutic efficacy of antimuscarinic
drug atropine alone and in combination with cholinesterase
reactivators diacetyl monoxime (DAM) and 2 -pyridine aldoxime
methiolide (2 -PAM) were evaluated in buffalo calves - intoxicated with
lethal dose of phosphamidon (80 mg/kg, po).
In oral acute toxicity study, adhiinistration of phosphataidon in
single doses of 20, 40 aril. 80 mg/kg body wt produced mild to severe
toxic symptoms characteristics of anticholinesterase poisoning. The
lowest dose of phosphamidon (20 mg/kg) was not lethal whereas 40 and
80 mg/kg doses produced 50 and 100 per cent lethality within 8-72 arid
2-9 h, respectively. Phosphamidon at all doses significantly inactivated
erythrocyte ChE (66-98 A), plasmaChE (67-89 /0) and serum carboxylesterase
(44-72 A) with the maximal effect within &12 h of its administration.
The inhibition was found to be dose dependent. Phosphamidon markedly
elevated the serum levels of aminotransferases, phosphatases, total
proteins and blood glucose. The rumen metabolism studies revealed
marked reduction in both total protozoal (27-69 /0) and bacterial
(24-44 %) counts.
In oral subacute toxicity study, the daily administration of 1 and
Li- mg/kg doses of phosphamidon for 28 days caused 67 and 100 % lethalityrespectively. PAosphamidon at both doses caused significant inhibition
of erythrocyte ChE (59-/3A), plasma ChE (54-73 A) and serum
carboxylesterase (31-47 %) and elevated the serum levels of
aminotransferases, phosphatases, total proteins and blood glucose.
Marked haemoglobinaemi9, erythrocytopaenia and leucocytosis and
significatt decrease in both total protozoal and bacterial counts of
rumen liquor were also observed following subacute doses of phosphamidon.
In long-term toxicity study, the daily oral administration of
0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg of phosphamidon for 120 days produced no apparent
toxic symptoms except mild diarrhoea with higher dose of phosphamidon.
Both the doses induced significant inhibition of erythrocyte ChE
(35-)+9 A), plasma ChE (25-38 h) and serum carboxylesterase (2238 A).
Higher dose of phosphamidon (0.5 mg/kg/day) increased the serum
levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total
proteins and blood glucose. Serum alanine aminotransferase and
acid phosphatase were elevated- with both the doses of phosphamidon.
Higher dose of phosphamidon (0.5 mg/kg/day) caused leucocytosis
and reduction in total protozoal count of rumen liquor.
In antidotal study, parenteral administration of atropine, DAM
plus atropine and 2-PA4 plus atropine failed to protect animals against
phosphamidon induced lethality. All these antidotes were found to be
partially effective in reversing the phosphamidon induced alterations
in blood biochemical and haematological parameters. The results
suggest that phosphamidon is one of the most hazardous organophosphorus
insecticide for buffalo species.