Xylazine-acepromazine anaesthesia in goats
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Date
1993
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Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary and Animal Science
Abstract
The present study was undertaken with the object of finding out the efficacy of xylazine hydrochloride alone and xylazine hydrochloride in combination with acepromazine maleate for anaesthesia in goats and to evaluate the haematological and systemic changes, consequent on the administration of these drugs. Eighteen apparently healthy Malabari male kids aged six to twelve months were selected for the experimental study. A total number of 36 experiments were conducted in these animals . They were divided into two groups, viz. group I and group II and each group was further divided into three subgroups, viz. A, B and C. Six experiments were conducted in each subgroup.
Xylazine hydrochloride was administered intramuscularly at the rate of 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 mg/kg bodyweight in subgroups I A, IB and IC respectively. Acepromazine maleate at the rate of 0.05 mg/kg bodyweight and 15 min later xylazine hydrochloride at the rate of 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 mg/kg bodyweight were administered intramuscularly in subgroups IIA, IIB and IIC respectively.
The induction time was 19.00 + 6.18 min, 16.33 + 4.46 min. and 19.33 + 3.84 min in subgroups IA, IB and IC respectively whereas it was 16.60 + 4.01 min, 19.60 + 5.30 min and 21.50 + 6.06 min in subgroups IIA, IIB and IIC, respectively. There was no appreciable variation in induction time whether xylazine alone or xylazine acepromazine combination were used, irrespective of the dose of xylazine.
Signs of anaesthesia such as drooling of saliva, assumption of sternal recumbency, insensitivity to pinprick at flank region, dropping of lower jaw, protrusion of tongue, assumption of lateral recumbency and drooping of eyelids were observed in most of the animals. The onset and disappearance of these signs were not in a uniform sequence. Sensitivity to pinprick at the flank region was the last to reappear.
Decrease in rectal temperature was noticed in animals of both the groups except in subgroup IA wherein, the increase was not significant. Significant decrease in heart rate was seen in animals of both the groups except in subgroups IA and IB. Respiration rate was seen decreased in animals of both the groups and the decrease was more with the xylazine – acepromazine combination.
The duration of anaesthesia was 31.75 + 10.92 min, 49.50 + 8.31 min and 47.00 + 4.73 min in subgroups IA, IB and IC whereas it was 20.60 + 6.79 min, 22.80 + 5.74 min and 66.25 + 24.31 min in subgroupps IIA, IIB and IIC respectively. Xylazine when administered alone produced anaesthesia for 30 – 50 min. When lower doses of xylazine were administered along with acepromazine, the duration of anaesthesia was comparatively less and so xylazine alone is preferable to xylazine acepromazine combination for anaesthetizing goats.
In the present study, it was observed that the period of recovery was 50.00 + 15.64 min, 63.16 + 7.12 min and 91.33 + 25.20 min in subgroups IA , IB and IC respectively whereas it was 96.80 + 25.04 min, 64.80 + 3.37 min and 90.75 + 18.57 min in subgroups IIA, IIB and IIC respectively. The recovery period was found to be on the increase when xylazine alone was administered at higher doses. The recovery was smooth and uneventful in animals of both the groups. Drowsiness and incoordicnationwere seen in all the apparently normal by 24 h and no local reactions were seen at site of injections.
Fall in blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) was observed in animals of both the groups and was significant (P < 0.01) in group II. Rise in central venous pressure was observed in animals of both the groups and was significant (P<0.01) in both the groups at 30 min except in subgroup I A.
Electrocardiogram revealed bradycardia in all the animals except in one animal from subgroup IB, where tachycardia was observed.
Decrease in total leukocyte count was seen in all the animals upto 90min. An increase in total leukocyte count over the baseline values was noticed by 24 h in both the groups except in subgroup IA. Decrease in lymphocyte and increase in neutrophil count were observed in all the animals upto 90 min except in subgroups IC and IIC. Variation in monocyte and eosinophil count was not significant in any of the groups.
Decrease in haemoglobin content and packed cell volume was observed in animals of both the groups upto 90 min.
Increase in blood glucose value was noticed in animals of both the groups upto 48h though not significant in subgroup IA and IB.
From the result of the present study, it could be seen that, xylazine at the rate of 0.10 mg/kg and at the rate of 0.15 mg/kg bodyweight is suitable for surgical procedures of short duration in goats.
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