STUDIES OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOLLOWED BY RURAL MILK PRODUCERS OF TELANGANA STATE
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Date
2018-04-04
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PVNR TVU
Abstract
An investigation was carried out to study the socio-economic characteristics,
management practices followed, cost of milk production and constraints faced by the
dairy farmers in the selected five districts of Telangana state. From each district one
mandal and from each mandal five villages were selected. The data was collected from
150 farmers selected based on their interest in dairying and possession of dairy animals,
through personal interview at their door step by utilizing a schedule developed for the
purpose. The results showed that in the entire study area only 2.67% of the farmers studied
had large family size and agriculture was found to be the main occupation in Vikarabad,
Medak and Nalgonda district farmers, whereas in Rangareddy and Mahaboobnagar
districts animal husbandry formed the main occupation for farmers. It was found that
majority of the farmers studied up to primary level. Out of the total farmers studied,
middle aged (80%) and backward community category formed the bulk (60%). Majority
(48.67%) of the farmers had medium annual income (Rs. 50000-75000).
It was revealed that, most of the dairy farmers (59.33%) had medium herd size. In
the entire study area 59.33%, 14.67% and 26% of the farmers housed their animals beside
their houses, in a separate shed and below the shade of tree, respectively. Very few
farmers (8%) provided pucca roof to their animals. Most of the animal sheds (66%) in the
study area had mud flooring. Majority of farmers (52%) were not practicing any
management practices to protect dairy animal from extreme heat in summer. Grazing and
Group feeding were mostly the common practices among the farmers, whereas, farmers
from Rangareddy (56.67%) followed individual feeding. Majority of the farmers from
Medak (50%) and Mahaboobnagar (60%) districts were following one time feeding of
their animals, whereas, farmers from Vikarabad mostly (66.67%) offering two times. In
Rangareddy and Nalgonda majority (66.67% and 63.33%) of the farmers were offering
feed three times during morning milking, evening milking and night time. Most of the
farmers were producing the fodder by themselves and their percentages were 66.67%,
63.33% 93.33% and 86.67%, respectively in Vikarabad, Medak and Nalgonda and
Mahaboobnagar. While, most of the farmers of Rangareddy district were procuring the
fodder from outside. It was observed that in the entire study area majority of the farmers (91.33%) were aware of heat symptoms in dairy animals and were aware of the importance of AI at right time and was the choice of breeding for 83.33% of farmers.
It was found that, out of the total farmers studied 96.67% were not taking general
sanitary measures for sick and diseased animals and 55.32% farmers did not take any
measures for ecto-parasite control. Regarding the cost of milk production with regard to buffaloes the study revealed that the average cost of green fodder, dry fodder and concentrates were Rs. 0.92, 3.00 and 24.90, respectively. Regarding the costs, average total feed cost, total variable cost and total fixed cost per animal per day were found to be Rs. 88.48, 141.53 and 27.83, respectively. The present study further revealed that the average gross cost and net cost
were found to be Rs. 169.36 and 161.78, respectively. Average milk production per
animal in the study area ranged from 4.98kg in Medak to 5.62kg in Nalgonda district with
a mean of 5.28kg. Sale price of milk per kg was Rs. 44.89 in case of buffaloes. Overall
cost of milk production per animal per day was Rs. 30.64. The average cost - benefit ratio
in different districts ranged from 1.41in Rangareddy to 1.59 in Nalgonda and overall cost
- benefit ratio was found to be 1.47. Profit per kg milk produced was found to be Rs.14.25.
In case of cows average total feed cost, total variable cost and total fixed cost per animal per day were found to be Rs. 86.23, 139.29 and 27.23, respectively. The present study revealed that the average gross and net maintenance costs were Rs. 166.51 and 158.98, respectively. Average milk production per animal in the study area ranged from 6.98kg in Mahaboobnagar to 7.56 kg in Nalgonda district and overall milk production per day per animal and sale price of milk per kg was 7.27kg and Rs. 27.66, respectively. The average cost of milk production per animal per day was Rs. 21.87. The cost - benefit ratio in different districts ranged from 1.21 in Mahaboobnagar to 1.35 in Nalgonda with an average of 1.27. The profit per cow was found to be Rs. 5.79 as the sale price was very less compared to that of buffaloes.
Description
D-577
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