STUDIES ON FLORAL BIOLOGY, FRUIT DEVELOPMENT, YIELD AND QUALITY EVALUATION IN SAPOTA [Manilkara achras (Mill.) Fosberg] CULTIVARS
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Date
2015-07
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K.R.C. COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE, ARABHAVI (UNIVERSITY OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES, BAGALKOT)
Abstract
Eleven cultivars of sapota viz., Kalipatti, Kirtibarthi, Guthi, Cricket Ball, Oval, CO-1, CO-3, PKM-2, PKM-3, DHS-1 and DHS-2 were taken for a field experiment to study the floral biology, fruit development yield and quality characters at All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Fruits, Kittur Rani Channamma College of Horticulture, Arabhavi, Karnataka during 2013-2014.
Among the cultivars studied, maximum plant height was recorded in CO-1 (7.30 m) while maximum stem circumference and plant spread in North-South direction were exhibited by DHS-1 (100.17 cm and 10.35 m respectively). Cv. Kalipatti exhibited maximum plant spread in East-West direction (9.73 m). The maximum pollen germination in all the cultivars of sapota was recorded at 15% sucrose solution. Under Arabhavi agro-climatic condition the peak anthesis occurred at 4.00-6.00 am after which there was a decreasing trend from 7.00-10.00 am. Among all the eleven cultivars studied DHS-2 took least days (28.31 days) from bud swelling to anthesis, while PKM-2 took maximum days (42.05 days) for it. Maximum number of flowers per shoot and fruit set per cent were highest during September-October. Highest fruit set per cent was recorded in PKM-3 (33.24%) during this flush. Cv. DHS-1 excelled with respect to yield per tree and per hectare (201.50 kg and 20.15 t/ha) while Kalipatti recorded significantly higher number of fruits per tree (2821 nos.).
Sapota fruit development followed a characteristic double sigmoid pattern growth which could be divided into three growth stages such as i) Period of rapid growth (1-6 months) ii) Slow growth phase (6-7 months) and iii) Accelerated growth phase (7-9 months).
The maximum TSS was recorded in cv. PKM-2 (24.07 B) and maximum ascorbic acid content was measured in DHS-2 (4.56 mg). According to Organoleptic evaluation cv. DHS-1 stood out from other studied cultivars in terms of overall acceptance.
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TH527
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