STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF INDUCED THEILERIOSIS (Theileria annulata) AND ENDOTOXAEMIA (Escherichia coli) ON THE PHARMACOKINETICS OF OXYTETRACYCLINE IN CALVES
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Date
1994
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AAU, Anand
Abstract
In the present study, detailed pharmacokinetics of conventional and long-acting formulations of oxytetracycline were investigated in healthy calves and those infected with T. annulata or given E. coli endotoxin. In addition, clinical, haematological and biochemical effects of T. annulata infection and endotoxaemia and the ability of two different formulations of OTC in reversing the effects induced by the former were thoroughly investigated in cow calves. Theilerioss was induced in calves by subcutaneous administration of ground-up stabilate equivalent to 30 adult ticks (Hyalomma anatolicum anatoUcum) infected with T. annulata. Theileriosis produced an 'acute phase response in calves which was characterized by fever, enlargement of superficial lymph nodes, parasitaemia, anaemia, leucopenia, lymphopenia, hypoglycaemia, hopocholesterolaemia, hypoproteinaemia, bilirubinaemia, azotaemia, hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia, hypocalcaemia, hypophosphataemia, hypozincaemia, hypoferraemia, hypocupraemia, hypomanganesaemia and diminished activity of serum alkaline phosphatase. Conversely, the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum were significantly elevated. T. annulata infection produced significant alterations in the pharmacokinetic behaviour of OTC administered to calves either by intravenous or intramuscular route. As compared to normal animals, lower levels of OTC were generally estimated in serum of infected calves. In healthy and T. annulata Infected calves the disposition kinetics of OTC was best described by two and one-compartment open models following intravenous and intramuscular administration of conventional and long-acting formulations of oxytetracycline.
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VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY, A STUDY