CHARACTERIZATION OF SOIL AND GROUND WATER FOR SALINITY IN BLACK SOIL REGIONS OF BILAGI AND BAGALKOT TALUKAS
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Date
2014-10
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University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot
Abstract
A study was conducted to characterize the salts present in black soils of Bilagi
and Bagalkot talukas during summer season of 2013. The soils of Bagalkot district
were grouped into five categories based on irrigation sources, whose pH ranged from
7.54 to 9.28. Drylands with no irrigation recorded highest mean soil pH of 8.68 ± 0.07
while, the highest mean electrical conductivity (ECe) of 3.65 ± 0.33 dS m-1 was found
in lift irrigated areas. The total cations in soils ranged from 14.85 in dryland areas to
35.89 meq/l in lift irrigated areas. Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of most of the soils
(117 samples) were found to be safe from sodicity risk with <10 SAR and <1.25
meq/l Residual Sodium Carbonate (80 samples). Further, these soils were grouped
into three categories based on cropping system viz, sugarcane, cereal-pulse and
maize/onion-groundnut. Cereal-pulse cropping system recorded significantly highest
mean soil pH of 8.68 ± 0.07 while, sugarcane cropping system recorded significantly
highest mean soil ECe of 2.40 ± 0.10 dS m-1. The total cationic and anionic
concentrations were significantly higher in sugarcane cropping system.
Three sources of irrigation water viz, borewell, stream (lift) and canal water
being used in Bilagi and Bagalkot talukas, Among which stream water recorded
highest mean pH of 8.16 ± 0.10 and mean ECe of 1.92 ± 0.25 dS m-1 followed by
borewell and canal water. In general the distribution of major cations and anions was
in the order Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ and Cl- > HCO3
- > SO4
2- > CO3
2- respectively.
More than 90% of water samples recorded low SAR (<10) and low RSC of (< 1.25)
meq/l values and were categorized under excellent suitability class and The present
study suggest that high ECe of stream water may cause the problem of salinity and
susceptible crops viz, bean, carrot, onion and radish are likely to perform at 75% of
their potential yield. However, beetroot, tomato, pomegranate and other similar
tolerant crops can be introduced as alternative crops in sugarcane growing areas of
Bilagi and Bagalkot talukas.
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