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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Author: KAU × Author: Sheeba, S S × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2016 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of different types of fertilizers as influenced by adjuvants on fue and yield of upland rice
    (Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2016) Sheeba, S S; KAU; Sajitha, Rani T
    The experiment entitled “Effect of different types of fertilizers as influenced by adjuvants on FUE and yield of upland rice” was undertaken in the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, during May 2015 to September 2015. The main objectives of the study were to assess the possibility of enhancing nutrient use efficiency of rice by using water soluble fertilizers and adjuvants, to study the impact of foliar fertilizers and adjuvants on growth and productivity of upland rice and to work out the economics. The field experiment was laid out in randomised block design with 10 treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of four foliar nutrients viz., (F1) 19:19:19 (1%), (F2) 13:0:46 (1%), (F3) urea 5% + SOP 1.5% and (F4) urea 1.5% + SOP 1.5% and two adjuvants, adjuvant category I (A1) and adjuvant category II (A2) with KAU POP (soil application of FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + 60:30:30 kg N P2O5 and K2O ha-1 (Control 1) and soil application of FYM @ 5 t ha-1 (Control 2) as two control treatments. Foliar fertilizers were given in 3 stages viz., at maximum tillering, panicle emergence and flowering. The results revealed that growth attributes like plant height, tillers m-2, leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter production (DMP) were significantly influenced by foliar nutrients. Among the foliar nutrients, F4 (urea 5% + SOP 1.5 %) recorded the highest plant height at harvest stage only while tillers m-2 and DMP were significantly higher with F4 at all growth stages. LAI recorded was the highest with F4 and was on a par with F3 at all growth stages. Adjuvant category-I recorded the highest LAI at panicle emergence and harvest stages. All growth attributes were superior for Kerala Agricultural University package of practices recommendations (KAU POP) i.e, Control 1, compared to the application of 5 t of FYM alone (Control 2). Foliar nutrition with urea 5% + SOP 1.5% along with adjuvant 1 (f4a1) recorded the highest LAI at panicle emergence and harvest stages. All the yield attributing characters viz., productive tillers m-2 (482.50), panicle length (26.66 cm), spikelets panicle-1 (137.22), number of filled grains panicle-1 (131.22) and thousand grain weight (25.98 g) were significantly superior with foliar nutrition of urea 5% + SOP 1.5% ( F4 ). KAU POP produced more filled grains panicle -1 compared to treatments. Foliar nutrition with F4 registered lesser number of days to attain 50 per cent flowering. Dry matter partitioning towards shoot portion and panicles were significantly influenced by foliar nutrients. Among the foliar nutrients, significantly higher shoot weight percentage and panicle weight percentage were noticed with F4 and it was on a par with F3. Among the foliar nutrients, F4 (urea 5% + SOP 1.5%) recorded significantly higher grain (5.76 t ha-1) and straw yield (6.99 t ha-1). The grain yield (5.02 t ha-1) registered by adjuvant I was higher than adjuvant II (4.54 t ha-1). Foliar application of urea 5% + SOP 1.5 % (F4) recorded significantly higher uptake of N (145.35 kg ha-1), P (10.49 kg ha-1) and K (145.05 kg ha-1). Significantly higher crude protein content (8.31 per cent) in grain was also registered by F4. The disease and pest incidences never reached the threshold level and hence uniform score was given to all plots. Economic analysis revealed that gross income ( 121494 ha-1), net income ( 51036 ha-1), per day returns ( 464) and B:C ratio (1.72) were significantly higher for F4. Adjuvant I recorded significantly higher net income ( 37100 ha-1), B:C ratio (1.52) and per day returns ( 337) compared to adjuvant II. Based on the present study, basal application of farm yard manure (5 t ha-1), full dose of P, half dose of N and K (30 :30:15 kg ha-1) along with foliar application of urea 5% + SOP 1.5 % with an adjuvant having translocation character at three different growth stages viz., maximum tillering, panicle emergence and flowering can be recommended for realising maximum yield and profit in upland rice.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of different types of fertilizers as influenced by adjuvants on fue and yield of upland rice
    (College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2016) Sheeba, S S; KAU; Sajitha, Rani T
    The experiment entitled “Effect of different types of fertilizers as influenced by adjuvants on FUE and yield of upland rice” was undertaken in the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, during May 2015 to September 2015. The main objectives of the study were to assess the possibility of enhancing nutrient use efficiency of rice by using water soluble fertilizers and adjuvants, to study the impact of foliar fertilizers and adjuvants on growth and productivity of upland rice and to work out the economics. The field experiment was laid out in randomised block design with 10 treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of four foliar nutrients viz., (F1) 19:19:19 (1%), (F2) 13:0:46 (1%), (F3) urea 5% + SOP 1.5% and (F4) urea 1.5% + SOP 1.5% and two adjuvants, adjuvant category I (A1) and adjuvant category II (A2) with KAU POP (soil application of FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + 60:30:30 kg N P2O5 and K2O ha-1 (Control 1) and soil application of FYM @ 5 t ha-1 (Control 2) as two control treatments. Foliar fertilizers were given in 3 stages viz., at maximum tillering, panicle emergence and flowering. The results revealed that growth attributes like plant height, tillers m-2, leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter production (DMP) were significantly influenced by foliar nutrients. Among the foliar nutrients, F4 (urea 5% + SOP 1.5 %) recorded the highest plant height at harvest stage only while tillers m-2 and DMP were significantly higher with F4 at all growth stages. LAI recorded was the highest with F4 and was on a par with F3 at all growth stages. Adjuvant category-I recorded the highest LAI at panicle emergence and harvest stages. All growth attributes were superior for Kerala Agricultural University package of practices recommendations (KAU POP) i.e, Control 1, compared to the application of 5 t of FYM alone (Control 2). Foliar nutrition with urea 5% + SOP 1.5% along with adjuvant 1 (f4a1) recorded the highest LAI at panicle emergence and harvest stages. All the yield attributing characters viz., productive tillers m-2 (482.50), panicle length (26.66 cm), spikelets panicle-1 (137.22), number of filled grains panicle-1 (131.22) and thousand grain weight (25.98 g) were significantly superior with foliar nutrition of urea 5% + SOP 1.5% ( F4 ). KAU POP produced more filled grains panicle -1 compared to treatments. Foliar nutrition with F4 registered lesser number of days to attain 50 per cent flowering. Dry matter partitioning towards shoot portion and panicles were significantly influenced by foliar nutrients. Among the foliar nutrients, significantly higher shoot weight percentage and panicle weight percentage were noticed with F4 and it was on a par with F3. Among the foliar nutrients, F4 (urea 5% + SOP 1.5%) recorded significantly higher grain (5.76 t ha-1) and straw yield (6.99 t ha-1). The grain yield (5.02 t ha-1) registered by adjuvant I was higher than adjuvant II (4.54 t ha-1). Foliar application of urea 5% + SOP 1.5 % (F4) recorded significantly higher uptake of N (145.35 kg ha-1), P (10.49 kg ha-1) and K (145.05 kg ha-1). Significantly higher crude protein content (8.31 per cent) in grain was also registered by F4. The disease and pest incidences never reached the threshold level and hence uniform score was given to all plots. Economic analysis revealed that gross income ( 121494 ha-1), net income ( 51036 ha-1), per day returns ( 464) and B:C ratio (1.72) were significantly higher for F4. Adjuvant I recorded significantly higher net income ( 37100 ha-1), B:C ratio (1.52) and per day returns ( 337) compared to adjuvant II. Based on the present study, basal application of farm yard manure (5 t ha-1), full dose of P, half dose of N and K (30 :30:15 kg ha-1) along with foliar application of urea 5% + SOP 1.5 % with an adjuvant having translocation character at three different growth stages viz., maximum tillering, panicle emergence and flowering can be recommended for realising maximum yield and profit in upland rice.