Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Open Access
Studies of rats and rat traps of Kerala
(Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1979) George, C M; KAU; Joy, P J
In order to study the distribution of different species of rate in the State a detailed survey was conducted in different parts during the period from September 1978 to February 1979. Burrows of the various species were excavated to get detailed information on the special features of the burrow patterns. The findings of the present investigation are summarized below. It was found that 15 species of rats occur in Kerala. 1. Tatera indica cuvieri Of the four subspecies of Tatera indica, only T. indica cuvieri was present in Kerala. This species was distributed all over Kerala except in higher elevations like Wynad. The burrow system followed no specific patterns with a minimum of three openings. The emergency escape were concealed underneath. The burrowed out soil was expelled through a particular opening. More than one adult lived in a burrow system. 2. Rattus norvegicus This was a serious pest of paddy in Idukki district and Kuttanad and was mostly a field rat in Kerala. 3. Bandicota bengalensis bengalensis This species was more predominant in garden lands. Burrow were found extensive. Burrow entrances were concealed by heaps of soil. Food was found stored in the burrow system only in a few cases. Male and female rats lived in separate burrows. 4. Bandicota indica indica A field rat causing great damage to tuber crops. The burrow openings were larger in size than those of other species. The exit for removal of soil was always located on a higher point. Definite runways starting from the entrances were seen. 5. Mus platythrix The burrow openings of this mouse were encircled by pebbles. It lived in discarded burrows of other species of rats and not a fossorial type. 6. Mus saxicola Similar to M. platythrix in every aspect. 7. Mus booduga booduga It lived in small burrows in paddy fields and garden lands. The burrow system was always seen provided with one or more emergency escapes. 8. Mus cervicolor Found similar to M. booduga booduga in appearances, habits and habitats. 9. Mus musculus Found in houses and shops. 10. Rattus rattus Two subspecies were found in Kerala viz., R. rattus ruffescens and R.r. wroughtoni and the latter was found attacking coconuts. 11. Vandeleuria oleracea Found inhabiting trees and under grass growth around crop fields. 12. Golunda elliotti Found in forest and in thick grass growth around crop fields. 13. Millardia meltada meltada Seen in paddy fields in Wyanad, Calicut district. 14. Rattus raniiniae A new species of rat found in Trivandrum District. 15. Platacanthomys lasiurus A spiny rat damaging cashewnut in Idukki district. Study on indigenous rat traps. A total number of 17 indigenous rat traps were collected from various parts of Kerala. Among the various traps, Moncompu traps, for capturing rice field rats, bamboo-noose trap for trapping mole rat from live burrows, and the bamboo bow-trap for capturing rats infesting coconut crowns were found most useful.
Open Access
Studies on foliar and soil application of fertilizers on cashew (Anacardium occidentale)
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1972) Sundaresan Nair, P; George, C M; Tajuddin, E; KAU
Open Access
Effect of phosphorus and lime application on rice variety-I. R. 8
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1977) Suseelan, P; George, C M; Sreedharan, C; KAU
Open Access
Quality of tubers in tapioca (Manihot Utilissima Pohl) var malayan-4 as influenced by N, P, K and Ca fertilization
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1978) Gopalakrishna Pillai, K; George, C M; KAU
Field experiments and quality studies on tapioca variety 4/Malayan-4" study the effect of three graded levels each of nitrogen (50, 100 and 150 kg N per hectare), phosphorus (0, 50 and 100 kg P,0» per hectare), potash (100, 150 and 200 kg K2O per hectare) in conjunction with calcium (0, 600 and 1200 kg CaO per hectare) on the quality of tapioca tuber grown in the red loam soils of Agricultural College farm at Vellayani, Trivandrum have shown that application of higher levels of N beyond 100 kg/ha decreased the weight of edible fleshy portion of tubers, though it increased the protein content, dry matter as well as the starch content. Application of K increased the weight of edible portion, dry matter as well as starch content of tubers, though its application beyond 150 kg KjO/ha reduced the protein content. Application of moderate levels of 50 kg P: 05 and 600 kg CaO/ha also had some favourable influence on starch content, though they had very little effect on the protein content, as well as weight of edible fleshy portion of the tubers.
Open Access
Comparative performance of two rice varieties (IR 8 & PTB-9) with varying levels of seed rate and nitrogen under semi-dry conditions
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1978) Poulose, K C; George, C M; Sreedharan, C; Sasidhar, V K; KAU
Open Access
Studies on the response N, P and K in conjunction with Ca on the growth and yield of tapioca (Manihot utilissima Pohl) var. malayan-4
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1978) Gopalakrishna Pillai, K; George, C M; KAU
A field experiment to study the response of three graded levels each of nitrogen (50, 100 and 150 kg N/ha), phosphorus (0, 50 and 100 kg P205/ha) potash (100, 150 and 200 kg K20/ha) in conjunction with calcium (0,600 and 1200 kg CaO/ha) on the growth and yield of tapioca var. "Malayan-4" grown in the acid red loam soils of the Agricultural College farm at Vellayani, Trivandrum has shown that the plant height, as well as weight of vegetative parts were generally increased by N and K; while branching of stems and number of tubers were increased by N and Ca application. Higher levels of N, K and Ca were instrumental for increased girth of tubers, while the tuber yield was increased by all the four elements. Application of 100 kg N, 50 kg P205 and 150 kg K20 in conjunction with 600 kg CaO per ha seems to be most promising for realising the maximum tuber yield of this variety of tapioca under the conditions of this experiment.
Open Access
Studies on the uptake pattern of phosphorus by rice under graded doses of phosphorus in conjunction with lime
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1978) Suseelan, P; George, C M; Sreedharan, C; KAU
Open Access
Note on the nitrogen response and yield of rice (oryza sativa Linn.) in relation to sunshine
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1973) Achuthan Nayar, M; George, C M; KAU
Open Access
Nitrogen and carbohydrate status and their accumulation in the plant-parts of early rice culture, 24-20
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1973) Kuriakose, T F; George, C M; KAU

Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

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