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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Author: Chandrasekharan, K × End date: 1977 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on the biology, pathogenicity and treatment of important nematodes of domestic duck
    (Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,Mannuthy, 1977) Chandrasekharan, K; KAU; Kalyanasundaram, R
    Studies on the incidence of nematode infections in 340 domestic ducks indicated that 67.94% of birds harboured one or more species of the following nematodes viz., Amidostomum globocaudata skrjabini , capillaria contorta, capillaria , Echinuria uncinate, Epomidiostum uncinatum, Eustrongylides papilosus, Strongyloides avium and tetramers antis. The rate of infection was highest in the case of Epomidiostomum uncinatum (41.86% ) and lowest in the case of strongyloides avium (0.59%). The lifecycles of Echinuria uncinata and Tetramers anatis were worked out in detail. It was established that Tetramers anatis was distinct from Tetramers Fissispina. The complete details of the morphology of juveniles both within the intermediate and final hosts were given. The juveniles of Echinuria uncinata completed the first and second moultings on the third and fifth day respectively and the stage juveiles reached infective stage on the seventh day following infection in Daphnia pulex at a room temperature ranging from 25 to 30C0. In ducklings the juveniles underwent the third and fourth moultings on the third and seventh day respectively and the eggs of the parasite were first found in the droppings on the thirty- third day. The juveniles of Tetramers anatis completed first mopulting on the third day, the second moulting on the fifth day and the third stage encysted in fat bodies of the grasshopper, Spathosternum prasiniferum. The third stage juveniles attained infective stage on the sixth day following infection. Within the ducklings, the parasite underwent the third moulting on the third day. The fourth moulting in respect of males was seen on the nineth day and in the case of females on the tenth day. The prepatent period of the parasite was found to be 24 days. Development of the juveniles was also noticed in five other species of grasshoppers viz., Oxya nitidula, Oedaleus abruptus, Conocephalus maculatus, Ducetia Japonica and Atractomorpha crenulata. No development of Tetrameres anatis, beyound the first stage was observed inDaphnia Pulex and Daphnia Magna on experimental infection. Anaemic changes with significant reduction in weight gain and haematological values were observed in experimental infections of Tetrameres anatis, Amidostomum skrjabini and Epomidiostomum uncinatum. Histopathological changes like haemorrahage, desquamation of cells, catarrbal inflammation and necrosis were seen in experimental tetramerosis. Ulceration and atrophy were also evident in amidostomiasis and epomidiostomiasis. The anthelmintic efficacy of 9 drugs against adult worms of Tetrameres anatis, Amidostomum skrjabini and Epomidiostomum uncinatum under experimental infections were determined. The efficacies against tetramerosis, amidostomiasis and epomidiostomiasis were 79.23%,32.15% and 79.88% with Tetramisole by drochloride at 50 mg/kg body weight; 70.36%, 52.42% and 50.23% with phenothiazine at 500 mg/kg; 26.85%, 74.8% and 65.68% with Morantel tartrate at 40mg/kg; 45.70% 67.29% and 57.84% with Parbendazole at 100 mg/kg; 41,0%’63/93% and 43.13% with Thiabendazole at 200 mg/kg; 59.28%,61.06% and 52.66% with Carbontetrachloride at 2ml/kg; 35.94%, 30,12% and 13.13% with Methyridine at 200 mg/kg; 28.87% 20.17% and 11.32% with Disophenol at 10 mg/kg and 31.02%, 39.04% and 12.66% with Cashewnut shell oil at 10 g/kg body weight respeectively. The drug Rametin at 200 mg/kg was found to be fatal to ducklings. In a cross infection trial delyed development and lesser percentage of establishement of Ascaridia galli of fowl origin were observed in ducklings as compared to chicks.