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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Author: Binsy, Mathew × End date: 2001 × Start date: 2001 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Isolation and identification of certain bacteria of public health importance from market beef
    (Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2001) Binsy, Mathew; KAU; Nanu, E
    In the present investigation, 100 retail beef samples were collected from retail shops located at East Fort (EF), West Fort (WF) Sakthanthampuran Market (SM) and Mannuthy (MN) areas. From each area 25 samples were collected and were brought to the laboratory in a thermocool container. All samples were subjected to estimate Total Viable Count (TVC), Coliforms count (CC), Faecal streptococcal count (FSC) and Escherichia coli count (ECC) and also for the isolation and identification of Escherichia coli, salmonellae Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. The overall mean total viable count of the samples belonging to four areas was 6.66 ± 0.08 10glOcfu/g. The mean total viable count of EF, WF, MN and SM areas was 6.61 ± 0.15, 6.68 ± 0.17, 6.49 ± 0.15 and 6.84 ± 0.1910glOcfu/g respectively. One, 13 and 23 per cent had counts at the level of 109, 108 and 107 cfu/g respectively and 46 per cent and 17 per cent of the samples had counts at the level of 106 and 105 cfu/g. The overall mean coliforms count was 2.73 ± 0.09 log.scfu/ g. The mean coliforms counts obtained from the samples of EF, WF, MN and SM areas were 2.78 ± 0.16, 2.84 ± 0.14, 2.62 ± 0.22 and 2.70 ± 0.18 10glOcfu/g respectively. The percentage of sample that had counts at the level of 104, 103 and 102 were two, 46 and 45 respectively. The overall mean Escherichia coli count was 3.56 ± 0.17 10glOcfu/g. The mean Escherichia coli counts of EF, WF, MN and SM areas were 3.11 ± 0.38,4.00 ± 0.27; 3.52 ± 0.37 and 3.60 ± 0.34 10glOcfu/g respectively. One, 19, 45 and 17 per cent of samples had counts at the level of 104, 103, 102 and 10 cfu/g respectively. The overall faecal streptococcal count was 3.04 ± 0.09 10gIOcfu/g. The mean faecal streptococcal counts of EF, WF, MN and SM areas were 3.06 ± 0.16, 3.16 ± 0.08, 2.77 ± 0.28 and 3.18 ± 0.17 10gIOcfu/g respectively. Eleven, 53 and 30 per cent samples had counts at the level of 104, 103 and 102 cfu/g respectively. There was no significant difference in all the four counts between the four areas. The overall correlation between the 100 samples collected from the four areas showed a highly significant (P~O.O I) and positive correlation between TVC and FSC, CC and ECC, CC and FSC and ECC and FSC. A significant (P~0.05) and positive correlation was observed between TVC and CC. Only 18 per cent samples met the standards prescribed by Government of India and 63 and 61 per cent samples met the standards prescribed by ICMSF and Oregon state respectively for total viable count. Twenty and 34 per cent samples met the standards prescribed by Government of India .and Oregon state for Escherichia coli count respecti vely. None of the samples yielded Listeria monocytogenes and salmonellae, but 82 per cent samples had Escherichia coli. The serotypes obtained were 03, 019, 022, 025, 029, 034, 036, 042, 050, 051, 053, 055, 065, 066, 073,079,0105,0109,0115,0139,0140,0147,0152,0163, 0164 and 0173. Two per cent of the samples had coagulase positive staphylococci.