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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Author: Bindu Raj, R × End date: 2002 × Start date: 2002 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Bacteria of public health significance in broiler dressed chicken
    (Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2002) Bindu Raj, R; KAU; Nanu, E
    In the present investigation, 60 chicken carcasses, consisting of 20 each, collected from retail shops selling dressed birds which were brought from outside the state (A), shops selling locally reared dressed birds (B) and dressed chicken from the Kerala Agricultural University Poultry Farm (C). The bacterial quality of each carcass was evaluated by estimating the total viable count (TVC), coliforms count (CC), Escherichia coli count (ECC) and faecal streptococcal count (FSC). All samples were also tested for the presence of bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli, salmonellae, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. Analysis of variance test of the mean TVC revealed significant (P<0.05) difference between the count of the samples from source Band C. The overall mean TVC of the samples was 7.89 ± 0.07 10glO cfulml of the carcass rinse. The samples from source B had the highest mean TVC (8.06 ± 0.11 log., cfulml) and lowest mean count was seen in the samples belonging to the source C (7.69 ± 0.13 log., cfulml). The samples from source A had a mean TVC of7.94 ± 0.08 log., cfulml. The count at the level of 109 cfulml was observed in one of the samples belonging to the source B. The count in three (5%), 34 (56.67%) and 22 (36.67%) samples was at the level of 106, 107 and 108 cfulml, respectively. Analysis of variance test showed significant (P<0.05) difference between the mean CC of the samples from source A and C and Band C. The overall mean CC of the carcass rinse was 4.97 ± 0.1 0 log., cfulml. The samples from the source A had the highest mean count (5.30 ± 0.10 log}o cfulml) and lowest in the samples from source C (4.37 ± 0.17 log., cfulml). The mean CC of samples from source B was 5.23 ± 0.13 log}o cfulml. The count in l.67 per cent and five per cent of the samples was at the level of 102 and 106 cfulml, respectively. The count in 1l.67, 3l.67 and 50 per cent samples was at the level of 103, 104 and 105 cfulml, respectively. Analysis of variance test revealed significant (P<0.05) difference between mean ECC of the samples belonging to the source A and C and Band C. The overall mean ECC of samples from the three sources was 2.20 ± 0.27 log}o cfulml. The mean count of the samples belonging to the source A, Band C was 2.83 ± 0.48, 2.66 ± 0.46, 1.08 ± 0.35 10glO cfulml, respectively. The count in five, 20 and 26.67 per cent of the carcasses was at the level of 102, 103 and 104 cfulml, respectively. Analysis of variance test revealed highly significant (Pdifference between FSC of samples from source A and B, A and C and B and C. The overall mean FSC of the samples was 4.32 ± 0.09 log., cfulml. The highest mean count was observed in samples from source A (4.99 ± 0.10 log., cfulml) and the lowest mean count in samples from source C (3.75 ± 0.l0 10glO cfulml). The mean FSC in samples from source B was 4.20 ± 0.10 10glO cfulml. The count in 38.33, 46.67 and 15 per cent samples were at the level of 103, 104 and 105 cfu/ml, respectively. Correlation coefficient test of the data revealed significant (P<0.05) association between the mean CC and FSC. A positive and non- significant correlation existed between mean TVC and CC, TVC and ECC, TVC and FSC, CC and ECC and ECC and FSC. Escherichia coli was isolated from 51.67% of the samples. The 44 E. coli isolated from the samples were serotyped and fell into 21 serotypes, six rough strains and two .untypables. The serotypes consisted of 05,08, 014, 025,033,041,049,066,078,081,084,085,091,0116, 0121, 0131, 0132, 0146, 0150, 0157 and 0161. Salmonellae were isolated from two samples. Staphylococci were isolated from 30% of the samples, but none of them were coagulase positive. All samples were found free from Listeria monocytogenes.