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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Author: Anil Kumar, M × End date: 2022 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Cerytain plasmid-mediated characters of staphylococci isolated from bovine mastits
    (Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1996) Anil Kumar, M; KAU; Punnose, K T
    Twenty – six staphylococci were isolated from 70 cases of clinical / sub – clinical bovine mastitis. They were characterized by various biochemical tests and biotyped using coagulase production, haemolysin production, pigment production, Tween – 80 hydrolysis and casein hydrolysis. These 26 isolates comprised 19 biotypes of which, most preponderating one was biotype – B comprising of 5 isolates. The reliability of biotyping in distinguishing the isolates was found to be 73.08 per cent. The antibiogram study revealed that chloramphenicol and vancomycin were cent per cent effective. Cloxacillin, nitrofurantoin, pefloxacin and polymixin – B were also effective. Ampicillin and nalidixic acid were found to be least effective. The reliability of this method was found to be 96.15 per cent. Resistogram study revealed that maximum degree of resistance was noticed against barium chloride and potassium permanganate. All the isolates were found to be sensitive to antimony trichloride, cetrimide, copper sulphate, ferrous sulphate, iodine and potassium tellurite. The reliabiling of resistogram study was found to be 76.92 per cent. Production of haemolysin and resistance to antibiotics were found to be plasmid – mediated. Correlation between resistances to certain antibiotics and metal salts/chemical agents was also found. The plasmid profiling revealed only 16 isolates carrying plasmids. No plasmid was found common to in all the isolates. The maximum number of plasmids in an isolate was five, and this isolate carried both the largest and smallest plasmids. The reliability of plasmid profiling was 61.54 per cent. Conjugation studies revealed transfer of ampicillin, penicillin, streptomycin, erythromycin and gentamicin resistances and beta- haemolysin production to the recipient. But alpha – haemolysin was not transferred. Protoplast fusion studies revealed the expression of only ampicillin, pencillin and streptomycin resistance and alpha – haemolysin production, by the biparental strains. Determination of Numerical Index of Discrimination indicated that antibiogram typing and all its combinations were having the maximum ‘D’ value of one. Plasmid profiling was having the least value, i.e. 0.862. So it is suggested that antibiogram typing and its combinations can be used in differentiating and identifying the staphylococci causing bovine mastitis, more accurately.