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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Wildlife Management × Author: Devika, V S × Start date: 2015 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Phylogeny and systematics of the genus cynopterus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in Kerala
    (Department of Wildlife Sciences, College of Forestry, Vellanikkara, 2015) Devika, V S; KAU; Nameer, P O
    The taxonomic status of the genus Cynopterus is subject of debate in the scientific world due to the cryptic nature, overlapping morphological characters and addition of six new genetically distinct lineages in the Cynopterus in the last decade. The present study was carried out with the objective of resolving the taxonomic ambiguity of the genus Cynopterus in Kerala and to infer the phylogenetic affinity of the genus Cynopterus within order Chiroptera. This is the first study which address the taxonomic status of the genus Cynopterus in Kerala and second one in India. The bats were studied from eight different locations in three biogeographical regions of Kerala during April 2014 to December 2014. A total of 67 bats were captured from these locations. On each of these bats the 24 morphometric, dental and cranial variables were measured. Apart from that a molecular analysis was also carried out on 31 samples. Phenol-chloroform extraction or the GeniPureTM Mammalian Genomic DNA Purification Kit (GeNeiTM) was employed for DNA extraction and PCR amplification was done for complete cytochrome b gene. The sequences were compared with those registered in NCBI databank. The phylogeny reconstruction and the calculation of genetic distances were done using the IQ-TREE and MEGA 5.2. The study reiterates the importance of integrative taxonomy using morphological and molecular techniques. Fifty one samples of C. sphinx and 13 samples of C. brachyotis were used for the multivariate morphometric analysis. This proved that the forearm length has been the only distinctive morphological character to distinguish between the C. sphinx and C. brachyotis. However, the other morphometric parameters were found to be overlapping. Twenty four sequences of C. sphinx and 7 sequences of C. brachyotis were used for molecular analysis. The phylogenetic tree constructed and the pairwise genetic distance has proved that the C. sphinx from Kerala constitutes the ‘true’ C. sphinx, since they are genetically more identical to C. sphinx from its type locality and all C. sphinx studied forms a single species The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the C. brachyotis from Kerala may be a different species, since it differ genetically from those species from Borneo, the type locality of C. brachyotis. The presence of genetically distinct lineages within C. brachyotis indicates that the species C. brachyotis has diversified independently at multiple instances in different locations during the past. The clustering of C. brachyotis from Kerala with C. sphinx confirms that they are sister taxa. Extensive sampling from throughout the geographical range of the genus Cynopterus should be done to confirm their systematic position and revise their taxonomic status.