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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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20101
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Subject: Veterinary Surgery and Radiology × End date: 2021 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Efficacy of sevoflurane for maintenance of propofol anaesthesia in dogs
    (Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology,College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2010) Raghavan, K S; KAU; Narayanan, M K
    The present study was aimed to determine the efficacy of sevoflurane for maintaining propofol anaesthesia in dogs. The study was conducted in 12 dogs of either sex, different age groups, breed and body weight brought for various surgical procedures at Veterinary hospitals Mannuthy and Kokkalai, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy. Six healthy animals for surgical procedures with American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) status level I and II for anaesthesia were included in Group I and those six animals for surgical procedures in compromised condition with ASA status level III and IV were included in Group II. Glycopyrrolate at the rate of 0.011 mg/kg body weight, followed by xylazine at the rate of 1 mg/kg body weight at 15 minutes interval were administered intramuscularly for premedication in both the groups. Fifteen minutes later, propofol at the rate of 4 mg per kg body weight was administered by intravenous bolus injection for induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane (2.5 to 6.0 %) in pure oxygen by Bain’s circuit system utilising sevoflurane vaporiser. The salient clinical signs observed following premedication in both the groups were winking of eyes, lowering of head, scanty salivation, incoordination of gait, ataxia and sitting on haunches followed by sternal recumbency with head down posture. The time for induction of anaesthesia was 1.17 ± 0.17 and 0.92 ± 0.05 minutes in Group I and in Group II animals respectively. Endotracheal intubation was possible in all the dogs. The maintenance quality was good to excellent in animals of both the groups. All surgical procedures were performed in medium plane of surgical anaesthesia. Sevoflurane maintenance provided a good controllable depth of anaesthesia with good to excellent degree of muscle relaxation. The duration of anaesthesia was 56.67 ± 4.09 and 72.50 ± 4.47 minutes in Group I and II animals respectively. The depth of anaesthesia was satisfactory in all the dogs. The recovery time was 18.50 ± 3.19 minutes in Group I and 29.00 ± 1.75 minutes in Group II animals Recovery quality was excellent in all the dogs of both the groups. Vocalisation, regurgitation and sneezing were the undesirable side effects observed during post anaesthetic period. The rectal temperature and respiratory rate recorded a decrease while pulse rate and peripheral haemoglobin oxygen saturation level recorded an increase with sevoflurane maintained anaesthesia in both the groups.The electrocardiographic changes were only transient and got corrected spontaneously during recovery period in both the groups.The colour of mucous membrane was pale roseate in all animals of Group I. The two animals of Group II had pale and four had congested mucus membranes. In general other than an increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate, capillary refill time and clotting time all haematological parameters like volume of packed red cells and total leukocyte count observed a decrease during sevoflurane maintained anaesthesia. There had non significant fluctuations with in the physiological limits in the lymphocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte counts and serum total protein levels on account of anaesthesia, except in Group II animals. There were only non significant fluctuations from the preanaesthetic values in the blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels in both the groups. All the animals had smooth and uneventful recovery from anaesthesia and surgery.