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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Veterinary Surgery and Radiology × Author: Unnikrishnan, K × Start date: 2009 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of plate osteosynthesis for the management of long bone fractures in dogs
    (Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2009) Unnikrishnan, K; KAU; Sarada Amma, T
    Effectiveness of bone plating in the treatment of long bone fractures in dogs confirmed by radiography was evaluated clinically and radiographically in eight dogs. Dogs with fractures of diaphysis of long bones confirmed by radiography were selected and subjected to bone plating. Selected dogs were subjected to preoperative evaluation and all of them were subjected to detailed clinical, radiological, haematological and serum biochemical evaluation preoperatively and postoperatively on the immediate postoperative day, 15th, 30th and 60th post operative days. The fractures selected were four tibial, two radio-ulnar, one humerus and one femoral fracture. Anatomically two tibial fractures were short oblique; one was transverse and the other one multiple. One of the short oblique fractures had a butterfly fragment also. The fracture of humerus and femur were transverse which involved the midshaft. One of the radial fractures was 1½ month old with nonunion involving the distal third. Open reduction and plate fixation was done in all cases following standard AO/ASIF principles. Dynamic compression plates (DCP) were used in six dogs and reconstruction plates in two dogs. The DCP was applied in compression mode in five dogs and neutralization mode in one dog. Both the reconstruction plates were applied in neutralization mode. The fracture reduction and plate fixation were done following standard principles. Osteosynthesis was evaluated clinically and radiographically during the observation period. Clinical evaluation was mainly based on observation for symptoms, pain and functional limb usage evaluation. Radiographs were evaluated for apposition, alignment, angulation, apparatus, activity and architecture of the fractured bone. The fracture reduction and plate fixation was satisfactory in all cases except one. Early functional limb usage with partial weight bearing was observed in four dogs. Primary healing with filling of the fracture gap with radio opaque bone was observed in dogs where the implant maintained absolute stability. Healing with callus proliferation was observed in neutralization plating. Mixed healing was observed in cases where the implant lost some rigidity due to loosening of a screw, provided axial alignment was maintained. True implant failure was observed only in one case. An increase in alkaline phosphatase level was observed in all dogs during the immediate post operative day and remained so up to the 30th day. Plate osteosynthesis was found effective in providing pain free early ambulation. Craniomedial plate fixation was more advantageous in distal radius and ulna fractures. Reconstruction plates were found suitable for the fixation of fractures of long bones in animals with low body weight and in cases where contouring of DCP was found difficult due to complex bone contour.