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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Veterinary Surgery and Radiology × Author: Lekshmi, V × End date: 2010 × Start date: 2009 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Endoscopic evaluation of oesophageal and gastric disorders and its management in dogs
    (Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2009) Lekshmi, V; KAU; Devanand, C B
    Endoscopic evaluation of oesophagus and stomach was conducted in seven dogs of either sex, belonging to different breeds and age groups presented to the Veterinary Hospitals of the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy and Kokkali, with the history of reduction in food intake, regurgitation or chronic vomiting. The incidence, clinical signs, haematological and serum biochemical changes, radiographic and endoscopic observations, efficacy of treatment adopted and postoperative management were studied. The incidence of gastro-oesophageal disorders was more in Labrador Retriever and non descript dogs. The age of the dogs ranged from six months to nine years with a mean age of 3.57 + 1.21 years. Gastric foreign body was found in dogs with age six months and two and half years and both of them were female. Megaoesophagus condition was noticed only in male dogs. The body weight of dogs ranged from 12 kg to 38 kg with a mean of 23.14 + 3.34 kg. The prominent clinical signs observed were chronic vomiting, regurgitation or anorexia. Vomitus contained undigested food materials and vomiting was noticed immediately or 10 to 30 minutes after food intake in those dogs suffering from megaoesophagus. Among the dogs examined, four were dull and emaciated. The dogs with gastric foreign body obstruction were active and in good body condition. Pain on palpation of abdomen was observed in the dog with pyloric ulcer and hypertrophy. Palpable mass could be detected in the upper half of the left anterior abdominal region in one dog with gastric foreign body obstruction. The physiological, haematological and serum biochemical parameters were within normal range in all the animals prior to endoscopic evaluation and on eighth day of initiation of treatment. Serum T4 estimation revealed hypothyroidism in two cases of megaoesophagus. The different conditions included gastric foreign body obstruction (2), pyloric ulcer along with hypertrophy (1) and megaoesophagus (4) and were diagnosed by radiographic (plain and contrast) and endoscopic examination. Foreign bodies were retrieved by endoscopy, pyloric ulcer and megaoesophagus were treated medically. In a non-responsive condition of megaoesophagus due to stricture of cardia, cardiomyotomy was performed as surgical treatment. Postoperatively the animal was managed by fluid therapy for three days and antibiotic for seven days. The skin sutures were removed on 10th postoperative day. On 15th day, endoscopic evaluation revealed ulcerations on the distal third of oesophageal mucosa due to gastro-oesophageal reflux. Administration of aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and oxethazine preparation orally for a week could give favourable result. The appropriate treatment measures adopted viz. endoscopic, medical and surgical were satisfactory to obtain substantial cure from the conditions in all the dogs and the results of treatments were evaluated endoscopically.