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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Veterinary Surgery and Radiology × Author: KAU × Start date: 2010 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Efficacy of collagen sheet for the management of corneal ulcers in dogs
    (College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2010) Chinchu, Jose; KAU; Anoop, S
    The efficacy of collagen sheet of bovine intestinal origin in the healing of corneal ulcers were studied in six dogs and were compared with the healing without the use of it in another six dogs. Dogs presented with corneal ulcers and/or with staphylomas were clinically examined and selected for the study. Surgical manipulations were performed under general anaesthesia. In Group I, collagen sheet was placed after scarification and/or superficial keratectomy and in Group II, scarification and keratectomy was performed. Temporary tarsorrhaphy was done in all dogs. Oral administration of cephalexin was maintained in all the cases. Ocular instillation of ciprofloxacin as primary antibiotic or based on the culture sensitivity test and flurbiprofen were administered till the complete healing. Elevated intraocular pressure was controlled by acetazolamide orally and by timolol maleate or dorzolamide topically.Collagen sheets of intestinal origin were completely dissolved by 3rd day and no remnants were seen. It was well tolerated by the dogs and no immune reactions were noticed. Since the collagen sheet was very pliable after soaking with gentamicin eye drops, it could be applied over the cornea very easily without any air spaces and retained in position by temporary tarsorrhaphy. Fluorescein dye test became negative by 7th day in most dogs treated with collagen sheet and complete epithelization of the corneal defects was occurred by the time. Whereas the fluorescein dye retention was positive till 14th day in most dogs in Group II. Corneal vascularization developed in all the cases were resolved by the end of the observation period. Complete reconstruction of the cornea was seen early in staphyloma cases under the collagen sheet treatment in Group I. But the clarity of the cornea was unable to regain within the observation period of the study in most cases. In stromal ulcers, the clarity was achieved by 60th day. The presence of anterior synechia was responsible for the delayed corneal clearing most of the staphyloma cases. Corneal pigmentation was the major complication encountered in either modality of treatment under this study.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Endoscopic evaluation of otitis and its management in dogs
    (College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2010) Reshmi, P; KAU; Devanand, C.B
    The study was carried out in twelve clinical cases of dogs of either sex with history of affection of ear canal of different breeds and age groups presented to the Veterinary Hospitals of College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy and Kokkalai to evaluate the endoscopic changes of the ear canal associated with otitis and its management. The animals were subjected to detailed clinical examination to study the type and extent of lesions present. Microbial culture and antibiotic sensitivity of the otic discharge was done in all cases and animals were subjected to endoscopic evaluation of the ear canal to assess the extent of affection after administering atropine sulphate and xylazine hydrochloride for premedication followed by ketamine hydrochloride to effect anaesthesia. The study revealed a higher incidence of otitis in German Shepherd Dogs. The incidence was more in male dogs than females with a mean age of 4.56 years. The symptoms observed included discharge from the affected ears, pawing and rubbing of the affected ear, shaking of the head, painful responses evinced while palpating the base of the ear, tilting of the head to the side of affection and drooping of the affected ear. Physiological parameters of all the animals were within the normal range on the day of otoscopic examination. There were statistically significant variation in the mean temperature recorded on the day of endoscopic examination and the fourteenth day. Heamatological parameters recorded were within the normal range and there was no statistical variation between these parameters recorded on the day of endoscopic examination and on the fourteenth day. Gram negative coccobacilli, Gram positive cocci, Gram negative short rods, Pseudomonas sp., and mixed culture of Gram negative short rods, Gram negative coccobacilli and fungal spores were isolated from the otic discharge. Majority of the isolates were Gram negative coccobacilli sensitive to gentamicin. Endoscopic evaluation revealed inflammation of the ear canal with ulceration, stenosis and erythema of the lining of the canal. A nodular growth in the ear canal was observed in one case and presence of ear mite Otodectus cynotis were identified in another dog. The status of the tympanic membrane was assessed in cases were the tympanic membrane was visible otoscopically. Radiographic changes noted in plain radiographs in dorso- ventral, lateral- oblique and rostro-caudal open mouth view include ossification of the external ear canal and thickening or lysis of the tympanic bulla. Medical management of otitis was carried out with topical otic preparation containing ofloxacin, beclomethasone dipropionate, clotrimazole and lignocaine and oral antibiotics (cephalexin in nine dogs and one dog each with enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin) and the response to the treatment was assessed endoscopically after fourteen days of treatment.