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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Lobectomy In Goats
    (Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,Mannuthy, 1989) John Joseph, KAU; George, P O
    The present study was undertaken with the objectives of finding out a suitable anaesthetic procedure for thoracotomy, feasibility and the effects of lobectomy in goats. The study was conducted on 24 apparently healthy, male goats, aged six to nine months. They were divided into two groups of 12 animals each viz., Group I and Group II. In group I, thoracotomy alone was performed by left intercostal incision in six animals (Group IA), while thoracotomy and lobectomy were done in six animals (Group IS). In Group II, thoracotomy alone was performed by rib resection technique in six animals (Group IIA), while thoracotomy and lobectomy were done in six animals (Group IIB). Administration of chloral hydrate 6 per cent solution at the rate of I ml per 3 kg body weight, followed by thiopentone sodium 5 per cent solution, with positive pressure ventilation had given satisfactory anaesthesia for the surgical procedure. The anaesthetic affect persisted for about 30 minutes though the animals were recumbent for 4 ½ to 5 hours. During the recovery phase, incordination of movements of the head, padding of legs, rolling on the ground and frequent micturition were seen. Nasal discharge and cough were observed post – operatively. Suture materials used for thoracotomy operations were, cotton for ligation of the bronchial stump and for the ribs, silk for periosteal/intercostal and monofilament nylon for the skin incisions. Continuous sutures were inserted for the closure of the periosteum and the intercostal muscles, interrupted sutures for the adjacent ribs. Abscesses at the suture line were seen in a few animals, but wound dehiscence was not observed. There was reduction in the rectal temperature, increase in the pulse rate and no variation in the respiratory rate. There was reduction in the pH following thoracotomy, immediately after the operation, which became normal subsequently. The reduction in the haemoglobin content following thoracotomy and during post – operative period which reached near normal values by the 21st day. Serum chloride levels though varying were within the normal range. There was considerable increase in the ESR values, post – operatively, which reached near normal values by the 21st day. The increase in the plasma bicarbonate level was only marginal. The differential leucocyte count did not show any significant variation. In the present study, for anaesthesia, intravenous administration of chloral hydrate 6 per cent solution followed by thiopentone sodium 5 per cent solution to effect and maintenance of positive pressure ventilation during surgery, was found satisfactory. When lobectomy was performed by the intercostal approach five out of six animals survived and when thoracotomy alone was performed, only two animals survived. Four out of six animals in the control as well as lobectomised group survived when thoracotomy was performed by rib resettion techniques. From the results of the present study, it appears that neither the intercostal approach nor the rib resection technique for lobectomy in goats has any special advantage while considering the rate of survival. It was also found that lobectomy in goats does not interfere with the function of lungs.