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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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2000 - 20012
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Subject: Veterinary Public Health × End date: 2001 × Start date: 2000 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Bacterial profile of market beef and It`s public health significance
    (Department of Veterinary Public Health,College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2000) Deepa, Jolly; KAU; Nanu, E
    Tbe bacterial quality of75 market beef samples, collected from four different areas, in and around Thrissur was evaluated. The samples were collected from East Fort (EF), Mannuthy (MN), Shakthanthampuran market (SM) and West Fort (WF), areas. Of the samples, 25 belonged to EF, 21 to MN, 17 to SM arid 12 to WF, areas. All samples were subjected to estimate the total viable-count, coliform, Escherichia coli. faecal streptococcal and Staphylococcus aureus counts and efforts were also made to isolate and identify Escherichia coli, Salmonellae and Staphylococcus aureus. Analysis of variance test of the data en total viable count revealed no significant difference between the mean count of the samples from the four areas. The overall mean total viable count was 7.39 ± 0.06 log to cfu/g. Samples from the MN area had the highest mean count (7.57 ± 0.11 log to cfu/g) , while samples from WF area had the lowest mean count (7.19 ± 0.15 log-Io cfu/g). The mean count of the samples from EF and SM areas were 7.29 ± 0.10 Iogto cfu/g and 7.45 ± 0.12 log to cfu/g, respectively. Of the total samples examined, 60.00,25.33 and 14.67 per cent of samples had the count at the level of 107, 106 and 108 cfu/g, respectively. A highly significant (p<0.01) difference was observed between the mean coliform count of samples from the four areas. Critical difference test of the count revealed significant difference between the mean count of samples from EF and MN, EF and SM, and WF and SM, areas. The overall mean coliform count of the samples was 4.62 ±0.06 logto cfu/g. The mean coliform count of the samples from EF, WF, SM and MN, areas was 4.35 ± 0.10, 4.50 ± 0.15~ 4.95 ± 0.12 and 4.76 ± 0.11 logto cfu/g, respectively. The level of coliform count in 54.67 per cent of samples was 10" cfu/g. The count in 29.33 per cent samples was 105 cfu/g and in 16 per cent it was 103 cfu/g. No significant difference was observed between the mean Escherichia coli count of samples from the four areas. The overall mean E. coli count of the samples , was 3.52 ± 0.09 10glO cfu/g. The highest mean count (3.67 ± 0.19 10glO cfu/g) was observed in samples from the SM area, while the lowest (3.28 ± 0.23 10glO cfu/g) was observed in samples from the WF area. The mean counts of samples from EF and MN areas were 3.41 ± 0.16 10glO cfu/g and 3.65 ± 0.17 10glO cfu/g, respectively. Of the , samples examined, 53.33 per cent had a count at the level of 103 cfu/g. In 26.67 per cent samples, the count was at the level of 104 cfu/g and in 16 per cent samples, the count was at the level of 102 cfu/g. Highly significant (p<0.01) difference was observed between the mean faecal streptococcal count of samples from the four areas. Critical difference test of the data revealed significant difference between the mean count of samples of EF and MN, WF and MN, and WF and SM, areas. The overall mean count of the samples was 4.11 , ± 0.07 10glO cfu/g. The highest mean count (4.38 ± 0.12 10glO cfu/g) was observed in the samples from MN area, whereas the lowest (3.75 ± 0.16 10glO cfu/g) was s-een in the samples belonging to WF area. The mean count of samples from EF and.Slvl areas was 3.93 ± 0.11 10glO cfu/g and 4.28 ± 0.13 10glO cfuig, respectively. The count in 49.33 per cent of the samples was at the level of 103 cfu/g. The count in 42.67 per ceru and 8 per cent samples was at the level of 104 &.i1d 105 cfuig, respectively. A significant (pviable count and faecal streptococcal count, coliform and Escherichia coli counts and coliform and faecal streptococcal counts. A positive but non-significant correlation was observed between total viable count and coliform count, and between E. coli and faecal streptococcal counts. The correlation between total viable count and E. coli count was negative and non-significant. Of the 75 samples, 98.67 per cent showed the presence of Escherichia coli. From these samples, a total of 185 isolates were identified as E. coli. Of these, 91.35 per cent were identified as E. coli biotype I and 8.65 per cent as biotype 11. Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus could not be isolated from any of the samples. Cent per cent of the samples examined in the study, conformed to the standards prescribed for Salmonella, by the International Corrunission on , Microbiological Specifications for Foods, while only 25.33 per cent met the total viable count limit.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Isolation and identification of certain bacteria of public health importance from market beef
    (Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2001) Binsy, Mathew; KAU; Nanu, E
    In the present investigation, 100 retail beef samples were collected from retail shops located at East Fort (EF), West Fort (WF) Sakthanthampuran Market (SM) and Mannuthy (MN) areas. From each area 25 samples were collected and were brought to the laboratory in a thermocool container. All samples were subjected to estimate Total Viable Count (TVC), Coliforms count (CC), Faecal streptococcal count (FSC) and Escherichia coli count (ECC) and also for the isolation and identification of Escherichia coli, salmonellae Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. The overall mean total viable count of the samples belonging to four areas was 6.66 ± 0.08 10glOcfu/g. The mean total viable count of EF, WF, MN and SM areas was 6.61 ± 0.15, 6.68 ± 0.17, 6.49 ± 0.15 and 6.84 ± 0.1910glOcfu/g respectively. One, 13 and 23 per cent had counts at the level of 109, 108 and 107 cfu/g respectively and 46 per cent and 17 per cent of the samples had counts at the level of 106 and 105 cfu/g. The overall mean coliforms count was 2.73 ± 0.09 log.scfu/ g. The mean coliforms counts obtained from the samples of EF, WF, MN and SM areas were 2.78 ± 0.16, 2.84 ± 0.14, 2.62 ± 0.22 and 2.70 ± 0.18 10glOcfu/g respectively. The percentage of sample that had counts at the level of 104, 103 and 102 were two, 46 and 45 respectively. The overall mean Escherichia coli count was 3.56 ± 0.17 10glOcfu/g. The mean Escherichia coli counts of EF, WF, MN and SM areas were 3.11 ± 0.38,4.00 ± 0.27; 3.52 ± 0.37 and 3.60 ± 0.34 10glOcfu/g respectively. One, 19, 45 and 17 per cent of samples had counts at the level of 104, 103, 102 and 10 cfu/g respectively. The overall faecal streptococcal count was 3.04 ± 0.09 10gIOcfu/g. The mean faecal streptococcal counts of EF, WF, MN and SM areas were 3.06 ± 0.16, 3.16 ± 0.08, 2.77 ± 0.28 and 3.18 ± 0.17 10gIOcfu/g respectively. Eleven, 53 and 30 per cent samples had counts at the level of 104, 103 and 102 cfu/g respectively. There was no significant difference in all the four counts between the four areas. The overall correlation between the 100 samples collected from the four areas showed a highly significant (P~O.O I) and positive correlation between TVC and FSC, CC and ECC, CC and FSC and ECC and FSC. A significant (P~0.05) and positive correlation was observed between TVC and CC. Only 18 per cent samples met the standards prescribed by Government of India and 63 and 61 per cent samples met the standards prescribed by ICMSF and Oregon state respectively for total viable count. Twenty and 34 per cent samples met the standards prescribed by Government of India .and Oregon state for Escherichia coli count respecti vely. None of the samples yielded Listeria monocytogenes and salmonellae, but 82 per cent samples had Escherichia coli. The serotypes obtained were 03, 019, 022, 025, 029, 034, 036, 042, 050, 051, 053, 055, 065, 066, 073,079,0105,0109,0115,0139,0140,0147,0152,0163, 0164 and 0173. Two per cent of the samples had coagulase positive staphylococci.