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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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19811
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Subject: Veterinary Physiology × End date: 1989 × Start date: 1981 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on the meat qualities and meat potentialitise of buffalo calves
    (Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1981) Thachat Gopalan, Rajagopalan; KAU; Nirmalan, G
    Meat potentialities and meat qualities of buffaloes were studied and compared with those cattle. Surti cross-bred male buffalo calves recorded an appreciable depression in the growth rate , as measured by external body measurements and increase in gross live weight , initially after the pre-natal stage and thereafter from fourth to seventh month of age from which they recovered gradually by the ninth month of age. Transit weight loss due to transportation and subsequent fasting was found to be less in buffalo due to its thick skin, scanty sweat glands and sturdy nature. Dressing percentage in buffalo was less than in cattle. The percentage weight of fore –quarters was more in cattle, while the percentage weight of hind-quarters was more in buffalo. Percentage weights of all the internal organs, excepting liver, were found to be more in buffalo than in cattle. The percentage weights of edible meat, separable fat, and meat-bone ratio were also high in cattle than in buffalo. The percentage of moisture, dry matter and ash were found to be similar in the meats of both buffalo and cattle. Glycogen content was 4.6 times more in post-rigor samples of buffalo meat than in the meat of cattle. Total lipid content in buffalo meat was less than in beef. Higher levels of C18 fatty acids at the expense of C16 (saturated and mono unsaturated) acids were noticed in both buffalo and cattle. Buffalo lipids had higher concentration of C18:0 acid. Cattle lipids contained higher levels of poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Buffalo meat had more total nitrogen than the meat of cattle . Among the different fractions, myofibrillar protein,sarcoplasmic protein and non-protein nitrogen were more in buffalo meat than in cattle. But, the stroma protein fraction was found to be much less in buffalo meat. Histological studies also substantiated this conclusion. Myofibrillar protein fraction of buffalo meat, 36 hours after slaughter, showed considerable reduction. Also, higher levels of alkali soluble protein were observed. The sulphhydryl contents of both action and myosin were found to be higher and the ATP –ase acticity was found to be less in buffalo meat than in the meat of cattle. Gel electropherograms of sarcoplasmic protein showed six bands in cattle as against five in buffalo while myofibrillar protein fraction of buffalo showed eight bands compared to seven in cattle. Essential amino acid contents appeared to beslighly more in cattle than buffalo. But, the distribution of amino acid was found to be more balanced in buffalo meat.