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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology × Author: Jerald Irwin, A × End date: 2004 × Start date: 2004 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Comparative study of anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effect of Tinospora cordifolia (Chittamruthu)and Vitex negundo Linn.(Karinochi)in rats
    (Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2004) Jerald Irwin, A; KAU; Gopakumar, N
    Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effect of T. cordifolia, V. negundo and the combination of two herbal agents were assessed and compared in rats. Carrageenin induced rat paw oedema and tail flick method of nociception were adopted for anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive screening respectively. Diclofenac potassium at the rate of 3 mg/kg was used as a standard drug for both the studies. Anti-inflammatory effect of T. cordifolia at the rate of 100 mg/kg, V. negundo at the rate of 100 mg/kg and the combination of these agents at 50 mg/kg of each were studied in rats. Test drugs at the rate of 1000 mg/kg for both T. cordifolia and V. negundo and 500 mg of each agent in combination were given for anti-nociceptive study in rats. Anti-inflammatory effect of T. cordifolia was found effective in first phase and V. negundo in the second phase of carrageenin induced inflammation. The combination of the herbal agents produced a uniform significant inhibition in both the phases. Anti-nociceptive effect was found significant for both the herbal agents and their combination, in tail flick method of nociception. This suggested a central mediated mechanism of anti-nociception by both the agents. Adrenal parameters like gland weight, ascorbic acid and cholesterol for anti-inflammatory study suggested that T. cordifolia and V. negundo had a preventive effect on the inflammation induced changes in adrenal gland. However combination of the herbal agents was found to decrease the preventive action of the individual agents against inflammation induced changes in adrenal gland. The involvement of endogenous modulatory system for the anti-nociceptive effect of T. cordifolia and V. negundo was in contrary because of the anonymous increase of adrenal ascorbic acid and decrease of adrenal cholesterol. T. cordifolia was found effective in lowering the serum cholesterol whereas combination was not that much effective. None of the treatments were found to inhibit the lipid peroxidation induced by inflammation in plasma. Combination of T. cordifolia and V. negundo showed a significant peak increase of plasma lipid peroxide level. The rise in serum level of AST and ALT in both inflammation and nociception were not inhibited by the treatments. Haematological parameters for all groups were within the normal range. However an increase in neutrophil count than lymphocyte was noticed in carrageenin induced inflammation. Both the studies showed an increase in neutrophil count without an increase in total leukocyte count for T. cordifolia. V. negundo showed an increase in total leukocyte count in anti-inflammatory study. A decrease in total leukocyte count and neutrophil count was made by the combination of T. cordifolia and V. negundo in anti-inflammatory study. However there was an increase of total leukocyte count for combination of agents in anti-nociceptive study. Total erythrocyte count and haemoglobin concentration were increased by T. cordifolia in both the studies, whereas they were normal for combination of treatment.