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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Veterinary Pathology × Author: Vijayan, N × Start date: 1998 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Immunopathological response of the duck (Anas platyrrhyncos domesticus) to sublethal dose of selected agro-chemicals
    (Centre of Excellence in Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1998) Vijayan, N; KAU; Valsala, K V
    The study was conducted with the objective of assessing the teratologic, embryotoxic and immunopathologic effects of two agro-chemicals carbofuran and 2,4-D used in agricultural operations, on duck embryos and ducklings. The embryological studies included the observation on the embryonic defects and weight of the lymphoid organs along with the histopathologic and ultrastructural studies of the lymphoid organs like the bursa, spleen and thymus. The results showed that the contamination of the eggs with the above chemicals caused moderate deleterious effects on the lymphoid system, though no teratologic effects could be observed. The histological and ultrastructural changes also confirmed the deleterious effects at the tissue and cellular level. The immune system of the ducks exposed to the above chemicals for two different durations were assessed using a battery of tests. The humoral immune system was assessed based on the body weight, lymphoid organ weight, haematological evaluation, serum biochemical evaluation and the evaluation of HI titre against NDV. The cell-mediated immune system was assessed by the skin reactivity tests to DNCB and PHA. LMIT and GVHR were also employed to assess the cell-mediated immune system. The histological and ultrastructural studies were also conducted after six weeks and ten weeks of the experiment. The assessment of the immunological profile employing these elegant tests revealed that these agro-chemicals caused mild but significant suppression of the cell-mediated and humoral immune response. By this investigation it was clarified that these agro-chemicals have mild to moderate degree of immunotoxic effect when exposed for a short duration, but the changes were severe when exposed for longer duration. From the .studies, it was demonstrated that the immunotoxic effect of carbofuran is more compared to 2,4-D (herbicide) and the changes were dose and time dependent.