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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Veterinary Pathology × Author: Valsala, K V × End date: 1989 × Start date: 1981 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Cellular response in inflammatory reaction in the duck
    (Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1985) Valsala, K V; KAU; Krishnan, Nair M
    The cellular dynamics in ducks associated with inflammatory response induced by various immunogenic and non-immunogenic agents was studied for the first time. The inflammatory response was induced in the web of ducks using turpentine, dextran sulphate, talc, Staphylococcus aureus, homologus erythrocytes and Freund’s complete adjuvant. The biopsy specimens were collected from half an hour up to 21 days at specific time intervals and examined to assess the cellular response and the chronology of cellular events taking place during the emigration process was depicted. The comparative features of cellular events taking place when different agents were employed were also clarified. The light microscopic studies were supported by electron microscopic studies. Irrespective of the agents employed to elicit the inflammatory reaction it was found that there was emigration of heterophils and monocytoid cells from the arterioles and venules concurrently even though there was quantitative difference in the number of emigrating cells due to different agents. Initially there was high predominance of heterophils in the exudate and later there was predominance of macrophages or lymphocytes. Participation of basophils was also evident at the initial stages. Lymphoid foci formation with germinal centres particularly when antigenic stimulus was used was a characteristic feature. It was demonstrated that monocytoid mononuclear cells transformed into macrophages, epithelioid cells and giant cells. The morphological features of the heterophilic granules were studied by electromicroscopy. Large dense granules with one or two electron dense core and light granules with fibrillary matrix were seen. The process of endocytosis of the foreign body involved fusion of phagosomes. The active heterophil was demonstrated to contain more glycogen. The transformation of monocytoid cells into macrophages was demonstrated to be associated with increase in size and number of endoplasmic reticulum and formation of well developed golgi complex and lysosomes. Epithelioid cells were devoid of phagolysosomes. It was clarified that the lymphocytes underwent transformation into plasma cells under antigenic stimulation. The plasmacytoid transformation was evidenced by formation of rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. The systemic response to Ranikhet disease virus and Duck plague virus was studied. The tissue destruction and cellular response to RD virus were meagre. Heterophilic and monocytoid cell reaction was still the initial response. In duck plague infection there was progressive necrosis and this was associated with pronounced lymphoidreaction indicative of an immunologic reaction. In Ranikhet disease infection thelymphoid reaction was not as pronounced as in duck plague virus infection.