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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Veterinary Pathology × Author: KAU × Start date: 2010 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on the pathological effects of fipronil and their amelioration by curcumin in rats
    (Centre of Excellence in Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2010) Senthilkumar, T; KAU; Divakaran Nair, N
    The present study entitled ‘Pathological effects of Fipronil and their amelioration by curcumin in rats’ was undertaken by administering with fipronil in group I animals and both fipronil and curcumin in group II animals for 28 days. Group III administered with honey served as control. The weekly body weights, clinical signs, haematology, biochemical parameters, mortality pattern, gross pathology and histopathology of various organs were analysed to study the effect. The oxidative damage of the liver was assessed by the estimation of lipid peroxides, reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase. A significant decrease in the mean body weights was observed in group I and II. ALT, AST, cholesterol and creatinine levels showed a significant increase in the group I and significantly lower levels in group II. Total protein, albumin, globulin, PCV and Hb levels were significantly lower in group I but significantly higher in group II. TLC, ESR and DLC revealed no variation. Group I showed significantly higher lipid peroxides and lower glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels in the liver. Group II showed significantly lower lipid peroxides and higher glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels in the liver. The animals showed dullness and inappetance in the treatment groups. Mortalities were observed in both groups. Hepatomegaly and focal necrotic spots in the liver, enlargement of thyroid were the major gross lesions in group I. Gross lesions were less in group II. Smaller and cystic dilatation of acini, hyperplasia and fibrosis of thyroid, necrosis, hypertrophy and individualization of hepatocytes, tubular and glomerular degeneration and necrosis of the kidney, alveolar septal thickening, peribronchial lymphoid cell hyperplasia and bronchostenosis of the lung, predominance red pulp of spleen, desquamation and fusion of villi and goblet cell hyperplasia in the intestine, hyalinization of cardiac muscle fibers were observed in group I animal. Uniform sized follicular acini of thyroid, prominent kupffer cell reaction of hepatocytes,mild degeneration of tubules of kidney, predominance of white pulp of spleen, glial cell response in the brain, glandular hyperplasia of intestine were the major findings in group II animals. The study revealed that fipronil is thyrotoxic, hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic to rats and curcumin has good ameliorating effect against fipronil toxicity.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on sequential post-mortem changes of isolated chicken eye
    (Centre for Excellence in Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2010) Arya Aravind; KAU; Vijayan, N
    The present investigation was undertaken to study the sequential postmortem changes of different components of chicken eye and to choose an ideal fixative. Six eyes each were fixed at zero hour, half hour, one hour, one and a half hours, two hours, four hours and twelve hours in ten per cent neutral buffered formalin and gluteraldehyde fixative. Eyes were fixed for a minimum of three weeks. A clean cut was made near to the midline of the fixed eye slightly to one side of it, so that the origin of the optic nerve and pupil were included in the sections. The eye consisted of three tunics; tunica fibrosa consisting of cornea and sclera, tunica vasculosa with choroid, ciliary body and iris and tunica interna consisted of retina. The postmortem changes were mostly appreciated in the cornea, which included condensation of the nucleus of the epithelium of cornea, interepithelial detachment and exfoliation of epithelium. The cytoplasm revealed vacuolar and degenerative changes and there was separation of collagen fibres of corneal stroma. The corneal endothelium showed swelling, lysis and detachment. The presence of lysed erythrocytes was prominent after two hours in the choroid. As the time interval advanced, there were varying degrees of dispersion of melanin pigment. The swelling of the cytoplasm of the ciliary body was more evident in the non- pigmented epithelial layer. The epithelium of the iris showed detachment and fragmentation. Retinal detachment was noticed from zero hour of fixation in GF fixative and ten per cent NBF fixative. The changes were prominent in the ganglion cells which showed condensation of the nuclei along with vacuolar and lytic changes of the cytoplasm. Postmortem changes of pecten were appreciated by the lysed erythrocytes in the capillaries along with the vacuolar degeneration and lytic changes affecting melanocytes and hyalocytes. PAS positive areas were detected in the Descemet’s membrane and Bowman’s membrane of cornea, lens capsule, pecten and layer of rods and cones of retina. Masson’s trichrome staining proved to be useful to appreciate the changes in the collagen fibres, muscles and epithelium. The histometry of the eyeball showed a significant decrease in thickness of cornea at 120 minutes when compared with zero hour in neutral buffered formalin fixative. From the study it can be concluded that GF fixative is a better fixative for eye than 10 per cent NBF fixative.